黄河流域国土空间效率时空变化及障碍因子分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.654

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 审视识别重点流域国土空间效率的演进态势及障碍性因素，可为构建优势互补、高质量发展的国土空间格局提供关键依据。以黄河流域97个城市作为案例研究区，运用空间分类法、核密度估计、障碍度模型揭示该地区国土空间效率的时空演化规律和障碍因子。结果表明：（1）从时序演进规律看，2010—2022年黄河流域国土空间效率波动上升，不同空间区域差异呈现生态空间>城镇空间>农业空间的发展趋势。（2）从空间分异格局看，国土空间效率空间异质性显著，不同空间效率的集聚模式具有明显区域差异。（3）从空间集聚特征看，国土空间效率演化具有时空惯性及延续性特征，高-高集聚和低-低集聚为主要集聚模式。（4）从障碍因子分析结果看，生态空间效率对国土空间效率提升的障碍程度最高，非农产值、农业灌溉面积、生态系统服务价值分别是城镇、农业、生态空间效率提升的主要障碍因子。研究成果为深化重点流域国土空间效率研究的理论认知提供了新视角，为优化黄河流域国土空间布局及提升空间治理水平提供了科学支撑。

关键词: 国土空间效率, 时空变化, 障碍分析, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Territorial spatial efficiency analysis in major river basins provides critical insights for developing regionally optimized land use patterns that promote sustainable development. This study investigated the Yellow River Basin’s territorial spatial efficiency by examining 97 cities over 13 years (2010—2022). We employed a methodological framework combining spatial classification techniques, kernel density estimation, and obstacle degree modeling to systematically assess spatiotemporal patterns and limiting factors. The temporal analysis revealed fluctuating efficiency trends throughout the study period, with a consistent hierarchy of performance across spatial categories (ecological space>urban space>agricultural space). Spatially, significant heterogeneity was observed in efficiency distribution, with distinct regional agglomeration patterns. These spatial configurations demonstrated strong temporal inertia and continuity, characterized primarily by “high-high” and “low-low” agglomeration patterns. Our obstacle factor analysis identified ecological spatial efficiency as the primary constraint as the primary constraint to overall territorial spatial improvement in the basin. Further investigation revealed specific limiting factors for each spatial category: Non-agricultural output value (urban spaces), agricultural irrigation area (agricultural spaces), and ecosystem service value (ecological spaces). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions addressing these specific limitations. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of territorial spatial efficiency dynamics in major river basins while providing scientific support for optimizing the territorial spatial layout and improving the level of spatial governance in the Yellow River Basin.

Key words: territorial spatial efficiency, spatio-temporal variation, obstacle analysis, the Yellow River Basin

魏建飞, 袁悠燃, 李强, 董佩佩, 刘玖榕. 黄河流域国土空间效率时空变化及障碍因子分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(6): 1055-1066.

WEI Jianfei, YUAN Youran, LI Qiang, DONG Peipei, LIU Jiurong. Spatio-temporal variation and obstacle factors of territorial spatial efficiency in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(6): 1055-1066.

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目标层		准则层	指标层	具体指标	权重
国土空间效率	城镇空间效率	投入要素	土地	城市建设用地面积/km²	0.118
			劳动力	非农从业人口/人	0.116
			资本	固定资本存量/元	0.122
		期望产出要素	经济效益	非农产值/元	0.120
		期望产出要素	社会效益	城镇职工平均工资/元	0.130
		非期望产出要素	生态效益	工业废水排放量/t	0.132
				工业SO₂排放量/t	0.131
				工业烟（粉）尘排放量/t	0.131
	农业空间效率	投入要素	土地	农作物总播种面积/hm²	0.084
			劳动力	农业从业人员/人	0.085
			机械化水平	农业机械总动力/kW	0.084
			化学化水平	化肥使用量/t	0.083
			电气化水平	农村用电量/kW·h	0.080
			药学化水平	农药使用量/t	0.080
			塑料化水平	地膜使用量/t	0.082
			灌溉化水平	农业灌溉面积/hm²	0.085
			非机械化水平	大牲畜年底头数/头	0.081
		期望产出要素	经济效益	农业增加值/元	0.084
		期望产出要素	社会效益	粮食产量/t	0.082
		非期望产出要素	生态效益	农业碳排放量/t	0.090
	生态空间效率	投入要素	土地	生态用地面积/hm²	0.152
			劳动力	水利、环境和公共设施管理业就业人数/人	0.155
			资本	水利、环境和公共设施管理业固定资产投资/元	0.153
			能源	能源消费总量/tce	0.136
		期望产出要素	生态效益	绿化覆盖率/%	0.167
		期望产出要素		生态系统服务价值	0.124
		非期望产出要素		生态环境质量指数	0.113