2000—2020年蒙古高原湖泊变化及其影响因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2022.424

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Landsat遥感影像，提取蒙古高原2000—2020年每年1 km²以上湖泊面积信息，分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：（1） 2009年之前湖泊面积和数量呈减少趋势，2009年之后呈增加趋势，整体上2000—2020年湖泊面积和数量呈减少趋势。（2）不同等级湖泊变化差异较大，特大型和中型湖泊变化相对稳定，大型湖泊减少幅度最大。（3）不同区域湖泊变化也不同，西北部湖泊变化较稳定，中东部湖泊变化较剧烈。（4）研究区湖泊空间分布集聚性呈异因同向的减弱趋势。（5）湖泊面积与年均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量、植被指数和4层土壤水分的相关关系较为显著，且2个时间段内表现的影响程度有明显差异。掌握蒙古高原湖泊时空变化情况及其原因，对蒙古高原乃至全球的气候调节和生物多样性保护研究提供可参考依据。

关键词: 湖泊, 时空变化, 影响因素, 蒙古高原

Abstract:

The Mongolian Plateau is a sensitive area for coping with global changes. It is also the only place for three of the nine routes of migratory birds. Lakes play the role of “indicator” and “life posthouse” in the plateau ecological environment. Relatively few research results have been presented on the changes of lakes in the Mongolian Plateau at home and abroad. Most of them focused on the analysis of typical and large lakes. Research on their causes has focused on meteorological and human factors, while that on small lakes and the relationship between the lake area and the soil environmental factors are relatively weak. Based on the Landsat remote sensing imagery, the information of the lake area above 1 km² per year on the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2020 was extracted by the MNDWI water body index. The results of the temporal and spatial change characteristic analysis of the lake area showed that: (1) The area and the number of lakes have decreasing and increasing trends before and after 2009, respectively. Overall, the area and the number of lakes depicted a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2020. (2) The changes of lakes of different grades were quite different. The changes of the super large- and medium-sized lakes were relatively stable. Furthermore, the large-sized lakes showed the largest reduction. (3) The changes of the lakes in different regions also differed. These changes in the northwest were relatively stable, while those in the central and eastern regions were more dramatic. (4) Before 2009, the number of lakes in the dense areas in the central and eastern regions decreased, resulting in the weakening of the spatial distribution agglomeration of lakes in the study area. After 2009, the newly added lakes in the sparse area in the central region were scattered, weakening their spatial distribution agglomeration. (5) The correlation between the lake area and the annual average temperature, annual precipitation, annual evaporation, vegetation index, and four layers of soil moisture was relatively significant. The degree of influence exhibited in the two time periods significantly differed. Mastering the temporal and spatial changes of the lake in the Mongolian Plateau and their causes can provide a reference for the climate regulation, biodiversity protection, and climate disaster reduction research in the Mongolian Plateau and the whole world.

Key words: lakes, temporal and spatial changes, influencing factors, Mongolian Plateau

高彦哲, 阿拉腾图娅, 昙娜, 敖日格乐. 2000—2020年蒙古高原湖泊变化及其影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(2): 191-200.

GAO Yanzhe, Alatengtuya , TAN Na, Aorigele . Lake changes and their influence factors in the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 191-200.

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湖泊等级	2000年		2020年		占总湖泊面积变化的比例/%	占总湖泊数量变化的比例/%
湖泊等级	面积/km²	数量/个	面积/km²	数量/个	占总湖泊面积变化的比例/%	占总湖泊数量变化的比例/%
小型湖泊	1983.24	727	1709.48	645	18.96	89.13
中型湖泊	2103.51	79	2057.29	72	3.20	7.61
大型湖泊	3938.26	13	3192.61	10	51.64	3.26
特大型湖泊	11320.19	5	10941.91	5	26.20	0.00

年份	最邻近指数	Z得分	预期平均距离	空间分布类型
2000	0.66	-18.79	28631.42	显著聚集型
2009	0.70	-13.82	34185.55	显著聚集型
2020	0.73	-14.10	30377.43	显著聚集型