塔里木河下游输水对荒漠河岸林生态系统水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.03.11

Abstract

Abstract:

Water use efficiency (WUE) refers to carbon absorbed per unit of water loss in the ecosystem. It is a comprehensive indicator used in evaluating the suitability of plant growth under water deficit and can well reflect the response of vegetation to ecological water conveyance. In this paper, the net primary productivity (NPP) estimated using the CASA model and evapotranspiration (ET) estimated using the SEBAL model are used to calculate the ecosystem WUE. Spatiotemporal changes in the ecosystem WUE in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China are studied using slope trend analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and grid time sequence synthesis, and the changes were found to be affected by ecological water conveyance, meteorological elements, and groundwater level. The results show the following: (1) from 2001 to 2018, the WUE in the lower reaches of Tarim River exhibited a significant fluctuation (P<0.05), whereas, the influence of NPP was greater than that of ET (Cor_NPP=0.76>Cor_ET=0.10). The WUE of shrubs (0.49 g C·mm^-1·m^-2) is higher than that of Populus euphratica (0.30 g C·mm ^-1·m^-2) and herbs (0.24 g C·mm^-1·m^-2). The spatial variation of WUE is based on the river channel and shows a decreasing trend to both sides and from northwest to southeast. The extremely significant increase in area accounts for 13.64% of the entire study area. (2) From 2001 to 2018, the WUE of various vegetations showed a significant upward trend with increasing ecological water conveyance (P<0.05). The average annual increase in the WUE of shrubs was 15 times that of P. euphratica and herbs. The response is also more sensitive. The WUE values of P. euphratica, shrubs, and herbs are positively correlated with ecological water conveyance and the duration of water conveyance and negatively correlated with the start time of water conveyance. The WUE of shrubs has the highest correlation with the three. (3) There is a positive correlation between the number of water conveyance times and WUE, NPP, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the year (WUE: Cor=0.407, NPP: Cor=0.605, NDVI: Cor=0.657). In addition, the optimum temperature (TEM) and NDVI are related to WUE and NPP, and the spatial distribution of ET is highly consistent. Populus euphratica has an average annual optimum temperature of 25.62 ℃, shrubs have 27.07 ℃, and herbs have 23.22 ℃. At this time, the best combination of water and heat will be more conducive to vegetation survival. (4) There is a strong negative correlation between the annual WUE and the groundwater level in the lower reaches of Tarim River (Cor=-0.81), and WUE decreased by about 0.01 g C·mm^-1·m^-2 every meter. The correlation between the WUE of herbs and shrubs and groundwater level is greater than that of P. euphratica (|Cor_{herbs and shrubs}=-0.76|>|Cor_P. _euphratica=-0.46|), and the average WUE of P. euphratica, shrubs, herbs, and groundwater level is 4-6 m, with a peak at 6 m. Above 6 m, the average annual WUE and WUE of each vegetation show a downward trend.

Key words: Tarim River, ecological water conveyance, water use efficiency, groundwater depth, vegetation type, optimum temperature

HAO Haichao,HAO Xingming,CHENG Xiaoli,ZHANG Jingjing,FAN Xue,LI Yuanhang. Effects of ecological water conveyance on water use efficiency of desert riparian forest ecosystem in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3): 691-699.

Figures/Tables 8

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类型	产品名称	提供的地表特征参数	时间分辨率	空间分辨率	来源网址
CASA模型	MCD15A3H	光合有效辐射吸收比例（FPAR）	4 d合成	500 m×500 m	https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/search/
	MCD15A2H	光合有效辐射吸收比例（FPAR）	8 d合成	500 m×500 m	https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/search/
	MOD13A1	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	16 d合成	500 m×500 m	https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/search/
	T3H(GLDAS)	气温（TEM_C）	3 h	0.25°×0.25°	http:/ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/gldas/0.25
	TerraClimate	降水（PRE）	月	1/24°~4 km	https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu
	TerraClimate	太阳辐射（SOL）	月	1/24°~4 km	https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu
	MCD12Q1	土地利用类型（IGBP）	96 d合成	500 m×500 m	https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/search/
SEBAL模型	MOD03	地理位置场	1 d	—	https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov
	MOD021KM	对地观测数据	—	1 km×1 km	https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov
	中科院数据产品	土地利用类型25类	2013年	30 m×30 m	http://www.resdc.cn/
	中科院数据产品	气温、风速、相对湿度、气压	—	—	http:/cdc.cma gov.cn/home.do
	ASTER-GDEMV2	高程（DEM）	—	30 m	http://www.gscloud.cn/
文中2.3部分	Landsat5\7\8	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	16 d合成	30 m×30 m	https://espa.cr.usgs.gov/index/
	ERA5	气温（TEM₀）	月	0.1°×0.1°	https://www.ecmwf.int

Effects of ecological water conveyance on water use efficiency of desert riparian forest ecosystem in the lower reaches of Tarim River

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