西藏地区一种新的四季划分方法

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A new method of four seasons division in Tibet

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.476

Abstract:

This study evaluates the applicability of common climatic seasonal division methods in Tibet of China, utilizing daily temperature data from 38 meteorological stations spanning from 1981 to 2022. The analysis highlights the limitations of various seasonal division approaches and emphasizes the suitability of Tibetan phenological and growing season division methods for agricultural activities in Plateau region of Tibet. Temperature thresholds for seasonal division were determined based on Tibetan phenology and the main crops’ growing periods. The research reveals that: (1) While general methods for climatic season division exhibit certain limitations in Tibet, the Tibetan phenological and growing season division methods align well with agricultural requirements. (2) Employing temperature thresholds of “6 ℃, 15 ℃”, “5 ℃, 16 ℃”, “6 ℃, 16 ℃”, and “6 ℃, 17 ℃”, the study analyzes the variation in the lengths of the four seasons at typical weather stations. Gerze experiences a longer winter, while Zayu has a prolonged summer. In Lhasa, Qamdo, Gerze, and Zayu stations, summer durations have extended, whereas autumn and winter have contracted. (3) Mutation tests indicate that the average summer temperatures at Lhasa and Qamdo stations underwent significant changes in 2011 and 2017, respectively, supporting the use of 17 ℃ as the summer threshold. (4) The newly proposed four-season division method for Tibet, characterized by the “6 ℃, 17 ℃” index, demonstrates a distribution pattern of weather stations mainly along the lower elevation areas of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Line during summer. Spring and autumn durations are shorter in the northwest and south, and longer in the central and eastern regions. Conversely, summer is extended in the central areas and reduced in the peripheral regions, with the opposite pattern observed for winter, spring, and autumn. This spatiotemporal distribution aligns with Tibet’s climatic reality. The average onset dates for spring, summer, autumn, and winter are March 21, June 16, July 25, and November 3, respectively.

Key words: methods of seasonal division, air temperature threshold, phenology, growing period, Tibet

SHI Jiqing, ZHOU Kanshe, ZHANG Dongdong, DU Jun, GAN Chenlong, PUBU Duoji. A new method of four seasons division in Tibet[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 773-784.

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季节	物候标志	气温/℃		开始时间/（月-日）		持续时间/d
季节	物候标志	拉萨（旱柳/苹果）	泽当（旱柳/苹果）	拉萨（旱柳/苹果）	泽当（旱柳/苹果）	拉萨（旱柳/苹果）	泽当（旱柳/苹果）
春季	叶芽芽开期	4.3/6.7	5.6/7.3	03-02/03-27	03-05/03-26	77/137	74/138
夏季	果实始期	13.4/16.0	13.5/16.3	05-18/08-11	05-18/08-11	125/31	144/61
秋季	叶片始变	13.0/14.2	11.5/11.5	08-16/09-11	10-09/10-11	40/47	51/47
冬季	落叶末期	6.1/6.5	2.7/3.0	10-30/10-28	11-29/11-27	123/150	96/119

季节	生育期	气温/℃		开始时间/（月-日）		持续时间/d
季节	生育期	拉萨	泽当	拉萨	泽当	拉萨	泽当
春季	返青期	5.0	4.5	03-07	03-01	92	87
夏季	孕穗期	16.3	15.0	06-07	05-27	64	66
秋季	成熟期	16.1	15.0	08-10	08-01	110	108
冬季	分蘖期	2.0	4.5	11-28	11-17	99	104

季节	生育期	气温/℃				开始时间/（月-日）
季节	生育期	拉萨	泽当	林芝	日喀则	拉萨	泽当	林芝	日喀则
春季	春播期	8.5	8.0	6.0	7.5	04-14	04-05	03-10	04-10
夏季	抽穗期	16.8	16.8	16.0	15.7	06-28	06-23	06-12	06-19
秋季	成熟期	16.0	16.0	16.0	14.0	08-10	08-09	07-26	08-06

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