内蒙古半干旱区蒸散估算和归因分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.446

Abstract

Abstract:

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the most important flux term in the ecosystem water budget because it is related to water and heat exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Quantifying the magnitude and dynamics of ET and its components include evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) at regional scales and deriving a mechanistic understanding of the underline regulations is essential for managing water resources under the changing climate. On the basis of a mechanistic ecosystem model (BEPS), we estimated the magnitudes of ET and its components in the semi-arid region (40.16°-46.77°N and 110.33°-119.91°E) of Inner Mongolia, China from 1981 to 2018. Compared with different data, the BEPS could provide accurate estimates for changes in ET and its components by validating with ground measurements. The total average annual ET of grassland, cropland, and forests in the study area from 1981 to 2018 was 278.22 mm, 362.50 mm, and 308.81 mm, respectively. Over the study period, E, T, and ET increased at a rate of 0.42 mm·a^-1, 0.63 mm·a^-1, and 1.05 mm·a^-1, respectively. Across the study region, we found that the spatial distribution patterns of T was opposite to that of E and similar to that of ET. From the interannual variation standpoint, the interannual fluctuations in ET were primarily influenced by those in T. Considering the changes in influencing factors and the sensitivities of the three fluxes, we concluded that T and ET of the grasslands and croplands and ET of forests were mainly controlled by vapor pressure deficit and air temperature. Although both cropland and forest normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed decreasing trends, forest environmental T was more sensitive to changes in NDVI, thus receiving more negative influence than cropland.

Key words: evapotranspiration, evaporation, transpiration, BEPS model, semi-arid area

HAN Dianchen,ZHANG Fangmin,CHEN Jiquan,LI Yunpeng,LU Qi,LU Yanyu. Evapotranspiration of a semi-arid landscape in Inner Mongolia: Estimation and attribution[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(4): 1071-1081.

Figures/Tables 11

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纬度/°N	经度/°E	年份	ET实测值/mm	ET模拟值/mm	T实测值/mm	T模拟值/mm	T/ET实测值	T/ET模拟值	参考文献
42.05	116.28	2006	433.53	423.60	-	-	-	-	[30]
43.55	116.67	2006	281.57	317.76	-	-	-	-	[30]
44.13	116.33	2004	323.14	294.12	-	-	-	-	[31]
44.13	116.33	2006	318.04	297.60	-	-	-	-	[31]
43.53	116.67	2006	307.70	316.92	-	-	-	-	[32]
43.53	116.67	2011	415.12	389.25	-	-	-	-	[32]
43.63	116.71	2004	-	-	155.25	158.64	-	-	[33]
43.63	116.71	2006	-	-	95.70	99.80	-	-	[33]
43.60	116.70	2003—2005	-	-	-	-	0.44	0.45	[34]
43.50	116.70	2003（5—9月）	-	-	-	-	0.62	0.63	[35]

地表类型	PRE	E	T	ET	PRE-ET
草地	309.54	170.20	108.02	278.22	31.32
农田	350.07	149.73	212.77	362.50	-12.43
森林	362.33	119.17	189.64	308.81	53.52

地表类型	NDVI/a^-1	TEMP/°C·a^-1	PRE/mm·a^-1	VPD/kPa·a^-1	RAD/W·m^-2·a^-1
全区域	0.0001	0.05	-0.88	0.002	-0.11
草地	0.0002	0.05	-0.92	0.002	-0.10
农田	-0.0003	0.05	-0.32	0.002	-0.17
森林	-0.0004	0.05	-1.00	0.002	-0.08

地表类型	相对贡献/%					E相对变化率/%	R²	主导因子排序
地表类型	NDVI	TEMP	PRE	VPD	RAD	E相对变化率/%	R²	主导因子排序
全区域	-0.08	1.11	1.94	7.32	-1.32	9.55	0.94	VPD>PRE>RAD>TEMP>NDVI
草地	-0.17	1.09	1.50	7.38	-0.72	9.38	0.96	VPD>PRE>TEMP>RAD>NDVI
农田	1.45	1.11	1.02	8.54	-1.84	10.90	0.94	VPD>RAD>NDVI>TEMP>PRE
森林	1.46	2.25	1.19	12.22	-2.46	15.90	0.92	VPD>RAD>TEMP>NDVI>PRE

地表类型	相对贡献/%					T相对变化率/%	R²	主导因子排序
地表类型	NDVI	TEMP	PRE	VPD	RAD	T相对变化率/%	R²	主导因子排序
全区域	3.42	5.41	-1.12	11.50	-2.37	20.09	0.84	VPD>TEMP>NDVI>RAD>PRE
草地	4.67	5.35	-1.63	10.13	-1.74	19.34	0.86	VPD>TEMP>NDVI>RAD>PRE
农田	-1.31	8.37	-1.12	16.49	-1.63	24.80	0.84	VPD>TEMP>RAD>NDVI>PRE
森林	-3.49	3.27	-0.63	13.04	-1.14	13.83	0.85	VPD>NDVI>TEMP>RAD>PRE

Evapotranspiration of a semi-arid landscape in Inner Mongolia: Estimation and attribution

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地表类型	相对贡献/%					ET相对变化率/%	R²	主导因子排序
地表类型	NDVI	TEMP	PRE	VPD	RAD	ET相对变化率/%	R²	主导因子排序
全区域	0.79	4.96	-1.01	10.84	-2.84	13.93	0.91	VPD>TEMP>RAD>PRE>NDVI
草地	2.44	2.88	-0.33	8.65	-1.49	13.25	0.91	VPD>TEMP>NDVI>RAD>PRE
农田	-1.54	6.65	-0.65	15.34	-2.07	19.10	0.92	VPD>TEMP>RAD>NDVI>PRE
森林	-1.32	3.27	-0.63	13.04	-1.14	14.64	0.90	VPD>TEMP>NDVI>RAD>PRE