2017—2019年中天山北坡城市群大气污染及污染天气类型特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.443

Abstract

Abstract:

The air pollution in urban agglomeration (Urumqi City, Changji City, Shihezi City, Wujiaqu City) on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, china is more serious than that in several eastern urban agglomerations. However, the characteristics of air pollution and corresponding polluted synoptic weathers on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains are poorly understood. Herein, the variation characteristics of air pollutants and polluted synoptic types were analyzed using the hourly air pollutant data and meteorological data of four cities on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains collected from 2017 to 2019. Results showed that: (1) among the six pollutants, PM_2.5 was the primary pollutant with the maximum number of days exceeding the second standard of particulate matter in China at nearly 1/3 days (94-104 days) in a whole year. The annual average concentrations of PM_2.5 were ranked as follows: Wujiaqu City (73 μg·m^-3) > Urumqi City (71 μg·m^-3) > Shihezi City (65 μg·m^-3) > Changji City (64 μg·m^-3). PM_2.5 concentration during the heating period was between 100 μg·m^-3 and 118 μg·m^-3, which was 4.00-5.00 times higher than that during the nonheating period. The diurnal variation of PM_2.5 concentration almost followed “bimodal distribution” for the three cities near the mountains but showed “unimodal distribution” for Wujiaqu City. (2) The polluted weather can be divided into three types: stagnant, dusty, and special. 86.2%-93.6% of the study area belonged to stagnant pollution, whereas 5.8%-13.2% experienced dusty pollution. Stagnant pollution mostly occurred in winter, whereas dusty pollution primarily occurred in spring and autumn. Stagnant pollution level V-VI accounted for 45.8%-56.6%, and dusty pollution at the same level accounted for 14.9%-29.4%. (3) The correlation between the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 of these two pollution types was extremely high, and the PM₁₀ to PM_2.5 ratios were 1.26 and 3.16 for stagnant and dusty pollution, respectively. These values can be used to distinguish between stagnant and dusty pollution weathers.

Key words: exceedance day, pollutant concentration, polluted weather types, stagnant weather, dusty weather

LI Shuting,LI Xia,Mauren AYIKAN,ZHONG Yuting,WANG Huiqin. Characteristics of air pollution and its polluted weather types of urban agglomeration on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains from 2017 to 2019[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(4): 1082-1092.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 36

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大气污染物	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级	Ⅴ级	Ⅵ级
PM_2.5/μg·m^-3	≤35	35~75	75~115	115~150	150~250	>250
PM₁₀/μg·m^-3	≤50	50~150	150~250	250~350	350~420	>420
SO₂/μg·m^-3	≤50	50~150	150~475	475~800	800~1600	>1600
NO₂/μg·m^-3	≤40	40~80	80~180	180~280	280~565	>565
CO/mg·m^-3	≤2	2~4	4~14	14~24	24~36	>36
O_3-8/μg·m^-3	≤100	100~160	160~215	215~265	265~800	>800

城市	PM_2.5/μg·m^-3			PM₁₀/μg·m^-3			SO₂/μg·m^-3			NO₂/μg·m^-3			CO/mg·m^-3			O_3-8/μg·m^-3			PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值
城市	全年	采暖期	非采暖期	全年	采暖期	非采暖期	全年	采暖期	非采暖期	全年	采暖期	非采暖期	全年	采暖期	非采暖期	全年	采暖期	非采暖期	全年	采暖期	非采暖期
乌鲁木齐市	71	110	25	116	165	79	12	14	9	51	63	37	1.37	1.92	0.73	43	29	65	0.61	0.67	0.32
昌吉市	64	100	24	107	153	55	15	19	9	42	49	34	1.16	1.61	0.66	50	36	70	0.60	0.65	0.44
石河子市	65	103	21	106	150	55	13	16	11	38	47	29	1.04	1.41	0.62	59	43	81	0.61	0.69	0.38
五家渠市	73	118	22	134	189	68	13	16	10	35	44	25	1.31	1.87	0.66	46	34	68	0.54	0.62	0.31
平均值	68	105	23	116	164	64	13	16	10	42	51	31	1.22	1.70	0.67	50	36	71	0.59	0.66	0.36

污染天气类型	乌鲁木齐市		昌吉市		石河子市		五家渠市
污染天气类型	日数/d	重污染比例/%	日数/d	重污染比例/%	日数/d	重污染比例/%	日数/d	重污染比例/%
静稳型	306	45.8	275	45.8	276	47.1	288	56.6
沙尘型	47	14.9	21	28.6	17	29.4	32	21.8
特殊型	2	100.0	2	100.0	2	100.0	1	100.0

Characteristics of air pollution and its polluted weather types of urban agglomeration on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains from 2017 to 2019

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城市	春季		夏季		秋季		冬季
城市	日最高值 /μg·m^-3	日最低值 /μg·m^-3	日最高值 /μg·m^-3	日最低值 /μg·m^-3	日最高值 /μg·m^-3	日最低值 /μg·m^-3	日最高值 /μg·m^-3	日最低值 /μg·m^-3
乌鲁木齐市	50	39	30	18	54	45	167	136
昌吉市	45	33	28	18	48	37	155	131
石河子市	45	33	26	14	54	37	178	133
五家渠市	54	28	24	12	56	33	203	160