红色旅游高质量发展评价指标体系与培育路径研究——以红色旅游城市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.079

Abstract

Abstract:

Considering the five concepts for development, a high-quality development evaluation system for red tourism is established that considers growth dynamics, structure, mode, outcome, form, and base. Comparative analysis of multiple red tourism cities and the network text analysis of typical cases were performed to investigate the characteristics of the spatial and temporal evolution of twelve key red tourism cities in China. The cultivation paths of high-quality development of red tourism were then identified by comparing several cases. The findings are as follows: (1) The overall level of high-quality development of red tourism in the case cities is insufficient, but there are notable regional differences, and the level of growth dynamics, structure, and mode in the six subsystems are particularly significant. (2) In all case cities, at the start of the observation period, the quality of development of red tourism is polarized, and the system mismatch analysis indicates that each type of development have different barriers, and the dominant barriers also show an internal shift. (3) The analysis of the driving mechanism in multiple cases demonstrates that the high-quality development of red tourism is the result of six subsystems, of which growth momentum is the core factor, growth structure is the symbiotic factor, growth mode is the non-sensitive factor, growth form is the sensitive factor, growth outcome is the externality factor, and growth foundation is the supporting factor. (4) Red tourism’s positive externality impact can be expanded in all aspects, its symbiotic environment may be optimized in a digital economy pattern, and research travel boosts the mass tourism consumer market. Through the five concepts for development, this study summarizes the six systems of high-quality development of red tourism, expands the application of the five concepts for development in the field of red tourism, elucidates the conceptual model, internal mechanism, and cultivation path of high-quality development of red tourism, and endeavors to clarify the focus and direction of high-quality development of red tourism in China in the new era.

Key words: red tourism, high-quality, index system, cultivation path

ZHANG Xincheng, GAO Nan, WANG Linyan, LI Jinjing. Evaluation index system and cultivation path of high-quality development of red tourism: A case of red tourism cities[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1927-1937.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Index system of red tourism high-quality development"

系统层	一级指标	二级指标	测度指标（权重）
增长动力	人力资本	人才培育	红色培训数（0.038）；每万人旅游专业院校在校学生数（0.042）
		研学教育	举办红色旅游相关学术会议数（0.044）；红色文化旅游发文量（0.071）
		从业人员	旅游从业人员比重（0.201）
	创新能力	技术产品	发明专利授权数增速（0.125）
	创新能力	科研扶持	科学研究与试验发展经费支出增速（0.135）
	创新环境	体制机制	红色旅游法律法规指数（0.075）；旅游政策法规关注度指数（0.155）
	创新环境	文化创意	文化创意产业关注度（0.115）
增长结构	产业发展	业态融合	旅游产业与文化产业耦合协调度（0.131）
		产业集聚	旅游产业集聚度（0.085）
		市场需求	国内旅游人次（0.115）；入境游客人次（0.059）；社会消费品零售总额（0.111）
	系统协调	城镇化协调	旅游与城镇化耦合协调度（0.178）
		经济协调	旅游收入占GDP比重（0.101）；旅游业增长弹性系数（0.107）
		生态协调	旅游业与生态环境耦合协调度（0.114）
增长方式	生态质量	水生态	工业废水排放量（0.088）；供水总量（0.121）
	生态质量	大气质量	工业烟尘排放量（0.026）；工业SO₂排放量（0.028）；PM_2.5排放量（0.103）
	环境治理	环境美化	建成区绿化覆盖率（0.118）；生活垃圾无害化处理率（0.175）；城镇生活污水处理率（0.045）
	环境治理	环保投入	环境治理投资额（0.297）
增长成果	公共服务	基础设施	互联网宽带接入用户（0.054）；邮政局（0.078）；医院数（0.061）；体育场馆数（0.037）；公共服务支出（0.112）
	公共服务	交通服务	每万人拥有公共汽车数（0.136）；客运量（0.054）
	社会共享	文化事业	公共图书馆藏书量（0.055）；博物馆数量（0.093）；文化馆数量（0.039）
	社会共享	社会和谐	人均GDP（0.101）；人均教育事业费支出（0.092）；人均地方财政支出（0.088）
增长形态	引进来	文化传播	剧场数增长率（0.246）
	引进来	区域合作	旅游外汇占外贸出口比重（0.263）；利用外资占GDP比重（0.102）
	走出去	品牌影响	红色旅游景点关注度（0.205）
	走出去	宣传营销	社交媒体传播指数（0.184）
增长基础	文化保护	基因传承	红色文化关注度（0.185）
	文化保护	保护体系	爱国主义教育基地关注度指数（0.315）
	旅游资源	景区建设	5A级景区密度（0.293）
	旅游资源	产品开发	红色旅游线路关注度（0.207）

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Overview of the case"

城市	红色经典景区	文旅部公布的红色旅游典型案例	5A级红色旅游景区（携程景区排名）	旅游收入占GDP比重/%
临沂市	红色旅游系列景区	沂南县	沂蒙山旅游区（2）	18.51
长沙市	红色旅游系列景区	沙洲红色旅游景区	花明楼景区（19）、岳麓山橘子洲旅游区（1）	17.53
湘潭市	毛泽东故居和纪念馆、彭德怀故居和纪念馆	韶山	韶山旅游区（1）	28.70
石家庄市	西柏坡红色旅游系列景区、华北军区烈士陵园	西柏坡	西柏坡景区（24）	25.46
常熟市	沙家浜革命历史纪念馆	沙家浜景区	沙家浜虞山尚湖旅游区（1）	17.94
嘉兴市	中共一大旧址	南湖旅游区	南湖旅游区（6）	26.70
六安市	新四军第四支队纪念馆、黄山红军北上抗日先遣队纪念馆	金寨县	-	29.35
龙岩市	红色旅游系列景区	古田旅游区	古田旅游区（6）	21.52
吉安市	井冈山红色旅游系列景区、中央苏区政府根据地红色旅游系列景区、吉安市红色旅游系列景区、湘赣革命根据地中心旧址	井冈山	井冈山风景旅游区（1）	51.41
赣州市	中央苏区政府根据地红色旅游系列景区、赣州市红色旅游系列景区	于都县	共和国摇篮景区（2）	40.54
信阳市	红色旅游系列景区	信阳市	-	14.58
安阳市	红旗渠、刘邓大军指挥部旧址	红旗渠	红旗渠太行大峡谷（1）	27.05
武汉市	红色旅游系列景区、辛亥革命系列景区	-	-	22.01
黄冈市	大别山红色旅游区、陈潭秋故居	陈潭秋故里	-	13.31
百色市	红七军军部旧址、红七军和红八军会师地旧址	百色市	百色起义纪念园景区（4）	49.99
广安市	红色旅游系列景区	邓小平故里	邓小平故里旅游区（1）	37.04
遵义市	遵义会议纪念馆、红花岗区红军山烈士陵园、汇川区、桐梓县娄山关景区	-	-	60.47
延安市	延安革命纪念地系列景区	南泥湾	延安革命纪念地景区（3）	29.75

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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类型	前十位障碍因素（障碍度/%）
领先型	宣传营销（5.33）、区域合作（5.18）、交通服务（4.51）、品牌影响（3.72）、体制机制（3.33）、市场需求（3.33）、文化事业（3.08）、文化创意（2.95）、基础设施（2.67）、产品开发（2.54）
进步型	体制机制（7.63）、文化创意（6.99）、研学教育（6.83）、市场需求（4.13）、产品开发（3.76）、区域合作（3.96）、交通服务（3.41）、文化事业（3.41）、品牌影响（2.83）、从业人员（2.67）
追赶型	经济协调（8.08）、产业集聚（7.02）、城镇化协调（6.84）、交通服务（5.24）、文化创意（4.35）、体制机制（4.32）、文化事业（4.21）、市场需求（4.16）、产品开发（4.04）、区域合作（3.19）
落后型	产品开发（10.29）、保护体系（8.23）、区域合作（7.46）、市场需求（5.58）、体制机制（4.39）、城镇化协调（4.38）、文化创意（4.28）、基础设施（4.27）、交通服务（4.27）、文化事业（3.61）

Evaluation index system and cultivation path of high-quality development of red tourism: A case of red tourism cities

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