青藏高原东北部实际蒸散发时空变化特征及影响因素

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Spatiotemporal variation of actual evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.395

Abstract:

The spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration (ET) in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are crucial for the effective management of regional water resources and the ecological environment. Using Qinghai Province, located in this region, as the study area, this study analyzed actual ET data (MOD16 ET) from 2001 to 2020 to explore the spatiotemporal patterns, variation trends, and influencing factors over the past 20 years. The results indicate the following: (1) The average annual actual evapotranspiration in Qinghai Province from 2001 to 2020 was 260 mm·a^-1, showing a fluctuating increasing trend. The fluctuation period also showed an increasing trend, with an average interannual change rate of 2%. Areas where actual ET increased accounts for 69.69% of the total area, and areas where it decreased accounted for 16.51%. Among them, the Qilian Mountains area and the eastern part of the river source ecological zone exhibited an increasing trend in actual ET. The seasonal variation of actual ET in Qinghai Province was significant, with the maximum in summer, the minimum in winter, and similar values in spring and autumn. (2) The average actual ET in Qinghai Province from 2001 to 2020 showed a spatial distribution characteristic of being low in the northwest and high in the southeast. There were large differences in actual ET among various ecological zones in Qinghai Province, with the Three River Source area and the Qilian Mountains area exhibiting the largest actual ET distribution, and the Qaidam Basin ecological zone had the smallest actual ET. The actual ET of the main vegetation cover types was ranked as follows: shrubland>forest land>grassland>arable land. (3) The fluctuating changes in actual ET in Qinghai Province from 2001 to 2020 were basically consistent with temperature variations. The increase in actual ET largely corresponded to the increasing trend of precipitation fluctuations, but the peak lagged behind changes in precipitation. (4) Actual ET was positively correlated with annual average temperature, annual total precipitation, sunshine duration, and average wind speed in 73%, 56%, 43%, and 44% of the total study area, respectively. Temperature and precipitation were the primary controlling factors of actual ET, whereas sunshine duration and wind speed also exerted notable influences. There were significant regional differences in the factors affecting the changes in actual evapotranspiration.

Key words: evapotranspiration, spatiotemporal variation, influencing factors, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Qinghai Province

LU Han, ZENG Yongnian, WANG Pancheng. Spatiotemporal variation of actual evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(5): 753-764.

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一级生态分区	多年平均实际蒸散发/mm·a^-1	二级生态分区	多年平均实际蒸散发/mm·a^-1
帕米尔-昆仑山-阿尔金山生态区（I）	91.56	阿尔金山荒漠生态区（I-1）	6.76
帕米尔-昆仑山-阿尔金山生态区（I）	91.56	昆仑山东段高寒荒漠草原生态区（I-2）	119.58
柴达木盆地生态区（II）	64.75	柴达木盆地荒漠生态区（II-1）	60.95
柴达木盆地生态区（II）	64.75	柴达木盆地东北部山地高寒荒漠草原生态区（II-2）	79.03
祁连山生态区（III）	326.58	西祁连山高寒荒漠草原生态区（III-1）	252.54
		东祁连山云杉林高寒草甸生态区（III-2）	393.24
		青海湖湿地及上游高寒草甸生态区（III-3）	310.18
		湟水谷地农业生态区（III-4）	344.11
北羌塘高寒荒漠草原生态区（IV）	227.95	-	-
江河源生态区（V）	388.82	长江源高寒草甸草原生态区（V-1）	380.58
		澜沧江源高寒草甸草原生态区（V-2）	385.92
		黄河源高寒草甸草原生态区（V-3）	420.32
		共和盆地高寒草原生态区（V-4）	299.57
		海东-甘南高寒草甸草原生态区（V-5）	381.76

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