国家重点生态功能区人类活动与生境质量时空变化特征及空间效应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.282

Abstract

Abstract:

Ecological civilization is a new concept of human civilization development. Scientific measurements of the correlation between human activities and habitat quality can provide theoretical support for the development of an ecological civilization. As a demonstration area for exploring the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, national key ecological function zones play an important role in safeguarding the national ecological security pattern and coordinating the relationship between humans and the environment. Based on land use data and population, GDP, and traffic distribution data from 1995 to 2020, we used the InVEST model and the human footprint index method to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of habitat quality and human activities in national key ecological function zones. We used bivariate local autocorrelation and spatial Durbin model to measure their spatial dependence and effects. The results were as follows: (1) The habitat quality in the study area decreased yearly during the past 25 years, and generally showed a pattern of “decreasing from south to north in the west and staggered distribution in the east”. (2) The intensity and breadth of human activities increased during the past 25 years, and the distribution of high and low values was bound by the “Hu Line”. (3) There was a significant spatial dependence between human activities and habitat quality. The LISA cluster diagram showed that the number of ecological zones in high-high, high-low, and low-high cluster types was 15, 5, and 5, respectively, and there was no low-low cluster. (4) The spatial effects of typical human activities on habitat quality were different under different nature-social backgrounds, but they all had significant spatial spillover effects. Specifically, the total effect of population and GDP distribution in high-high agglomeration areas is positive, and population distribution is the main contributing factor. The spatial spillover effect of population and GDP in the high-low agglomeration area is still positive, but GDP has the highest contribution. The effect of population distribution in low-high agglomeration areas is negative, and GDP is still dominated by the positive spatial spillover effect of high contribution. No matter what kind of agglomeration area, traffic roads are dominated by a negative spatial spillover effect. The development status of the ecological environment and human activities in the national key ecological function areas is evaluated scientifically, the research methods and ideas are enriched, and the correlation discussion on the basis of mathematical analysis provides a policy basis for the construction of ecological civilizations in the study area.

Key words: national key ecological function zones, human activities, habitat quality, spatial autocorrelation, spatial Dubin model

YUAN Hongwei, CAI Jun, ZHANG Lei. Temporal and spatial changes of human activities and habitat quality in national key ecological function areas and their spatial effects[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 934-948.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Influence weight and distance of threat factors"

威胁因子（r）	最大影响距离（d_r_max）	影响程度 $(ω)$	衰减函数（i）
水田	2	0.2	线性
旱地	2	0.2	线性
城镇用地	10	0.9	指数
农村居民点	6	0.6	指数
其他建设用地	8	0.7	指数

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 6

Tab. 7

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区域	生境质量	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年
研究区	总量	324992.72	322401.26	322354.82	322316.92	321727.76	313556.66
研究区	变化率	1.00	-0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	-0.03
生态区	总量	154832.77	153495.00	153467.65	153463.25	153198.99	152796.14
生态区	变化率	1.00	-0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

评级	质心移动/km	Δ长轴/km	Δ短轴/km	Δ扁率
低	147.84	-74.19	-149.51	-0.01
较低	59.45	-107.39	-50.67	-0.01
中	67.33	22.78	-38.05	0.04
较高	19.95	26.51	-10.29	0.02
高	30.67	25.20	48.93	-0.02

评级	质心移动/km	Δ长轴/km	Δ短轴/km	Δ扁率
低	191.56	678.38	-215.60	0.09
较低	353.38	204.37	204.66	-0.06
中	1035.98	-83.39	-176.25	-0.02
较高	864.84	-239.28	-535.24	-0.06
高	185.94	-187.06	-127.72	0.08

自相关参数	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年
不显著	227312	222777	222704	222611	222159	226507
高-高	92806	91693	89473	82323	98153	99638
低-低	122744	124028	124550	125714	121201	120966
低-高	83364	86462	88708	96035	80331	76425
高-低	51357	52623	52148	50900	55739	54047
I	0.1573	0.1450	0.1422	0.1104	0.1874	0.2184
P	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001

空间效应	变量	集聚类型
空间效应	变量	高-高	高-低	低-高
直接效应	人口	0.0397^***	0.0179	0.0204
	人口	（-4.5293）	（-0.6389）	（0.5534）
	GDP	-0.0013	-0.0529^**	0.0252
	GDP	（-0.2129）	（-2.4926）	（1.1225）
	交通	-0.0090^***	-0.0063^***	-0.0032
	交通	（-10.0315）	（-2.8362）	（-0.9650）
空间溢出效应（间接效应）	人口	0.0869^**	0.0328	-0.0876
	人口	（-2.1967）	（-0.7832）	（-0.4777）
	GDP	0.0830^***	0.1201^***	0.3030^***
	GDP	（-4.1270）	（-4.5662）	（3.1522）
	交通	-0.0196^***	-0.0159^***	-0.0416
	交通	（-4.0943）	（-3.8240）	（-1.2352）
总效应	人口	0.1267^***	0.0507^*	-0.0672
	人口	（-3.0174）	（-1.7245）	（-0.3548）
	GDP	0.0817^***	0.0672^***	0.3281^***
	GDP	（-3.8566）	（4.5625）	（3.2849）
	交通	-0.0286^***	-0.0221^***	-0.0448
	交通	（-5.4547）	（-5.5088）	（-1.2445）

Temporal and spatial changes of human activities and habitat quality in national key ecological function areas and their spatial effects

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土地利用类型（j）	生境适宜度（H_j）	威胁因子敏感度（S_jr）
土地利用类型（j）	生境适宜度（H_j）	水田	旱地	城镇用地	农村居民点	其他建设用地
水田	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.5
旱地	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.5
有林地	1.0	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.6
灌木林地	0.9	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.7
疏林地	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.8
其他林地	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.8
高覆盖度草地	0.8	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.6
中覆盖度草地	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.7
低覆盖度草地	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.7
河渠	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
湖泊	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
坑塘	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
冰川永久性积雪	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
湿地	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4
城镇用地	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
农村居民点	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
其他建设用地	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
未利用地	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1

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