祁连山土壤水分时空变化特征及主要驱动因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.664

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤水分对植被生长和陆地生态系统至关重要，特别是对干旱半干旱区山地森林生态系统服务供给起着决定性作用。采用遥感土壤水分数据，基于趋势分析和相关性分析、地理探测器等方法探究了2017—2021年祁连山地区土壤水分的时间动态及其空间分异特征，围绕年均气温、年均降水量、归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）、坡度、坡向、海拔对土壤水分时空分异的影响进行了分析。结果表明：（1）2017—2021年祁连山地区土壤水分变化相对稳定（趋势斜率为0.000018），但年际波动较大（变异系数为0.183）。（2）生长季（5—10月）土壤水分在空间分布上具有显著差异性（0.068~0.214），受东亚季风的影响，土壤水分整体呈现出东高西低的趋势。（3）相关分析和地理探测器的结果均表明，降水量和NDVI对土壤水分时空变化起主导作用，解释力（q）分别为0.761和0.722，均在70%以上，而地形因素影响较小，q值不足0.1。各环境因子对祁连山土壤水分空间分布的影响具有显著性差异，并具有交互作用，呈现双因子增强和非线性增强关系。研究结果可为祁连山地区生态保护政策和措施的制定提供科学依据，促进该地区的生态环境保护。

关键词: 时空变化, 土壤水分, 地理探测器, 祁连山

Abstract:

Soil moisture is crucial for vegetation growth and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly for ecosystem services provided by mountain forests in arid and semiarid regions. This study investigates the temporal dynamics and spatial differentiation of soil moisture in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China from 2017 to 2021. The analysis uses remote sensing soil moisture data and employs trend and correlation analysis, along with a geographical detector. In addition, the study examines the effects of mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), slope, slope direction, and elevation on the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture. The results revealed the following. (1) Soil moisture variability in the Qilian Mountains from 2017 to 2021 was relatively stable, with a trend slope of 0.000018, although interannual variability was significant, reflected by a coefficient of variation of 0.183. (2) During the growing season (May to October), soil moisture exhibited significant spatial variability (0.068-0.214), with an overall trend indicating higher moisture levels in the east and lower levels in the west, which are attributed to the effects of the East Asian monsoon. (3) Correlation analysis and the geographical detector revealed that precipitation and NDVI were the primary drivers of soil moisture’s spatial and temporal variations, with explanatory power (q) values of 0.761 and 0.722, respectively, both exceeding 70%. By contrast, the effects of topographical factors were minimal, with q values of less than 0.1. Environmental factors substantially affected the spatial distribution of soil moisture in the Qilian Mountains, exhibiting interaction effects that suggest two-factor enhancement and nonlinear relationships. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for developing ecological protection policies and measures for the Qilian Mountains to promote environmental protection in the region.

Key words: spatial-temporal variation, soil moisture, geographical detector, Qilian Mountains

赵建文, 李金麟, 王圣杰. 祁连山土壤水分时空变化特征及主要驱动因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(8): 1480-1491.

ZHAO Jianwen, LI Jinlin, WANG Shengjie. Characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture and analysis of main driving factors in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(8): 1480-1491.

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指标	土壤水分	年均气温	年均降水量	NDVI	海拔	坡度	坡向
土壤水分	-
年均气温	0.154^**	-
年降水量	0.871^**	-0.027^**	-
NDVI	0.859^**	0.309^**	0.700^**	-
海拔	-0.248^**	-0.923^**	-0.036^**	-0.398^**	-
坡度	0.124^**	-0.238^**	0.187^**	0.122^**	0.174^**	-
坡向	-0.083^**	0.039^**	-0.089^**	-0.081^**	0.005^**	-0.051^**	-