青藏高原土壤风蚀潜力时空特征及驱动因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.577

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近地面风是土壤风蚀发生的重要驱动力，其数据时间分辨率显著影响风蚀模型的模拟预报效果。基于不同时间分辨率的风速数据，分析修正风蚀方程（RWEQ）模型在模拟预报风蚀时的效果差异，并探究2010—2020年青藏高原土壤风蚀潜力的日变化等时空特征及其驱动因素。结果表明：（1）风速数据时间分辨率对RWEQ模型模拟预报效果影响显著，与日值数据相比，小时数据分别提高了76.95%的风力因子和44.02%的土壤风蚀潜力模拟预报结果。（2）青藏高原土壤风蚀潜力在12:00—18:00普遍较强，而在00:00—08:00空间差异悬殊；其日变化呈“缓降-陡增-锐减”的周期性特征，一般每日14:00最大、06:00最小，其中子区域Ⅳ的柴达木盆地日变化波动最小、周期性特征最弱。（3）青藏高原属中度风蚀区，其土壤风蚀潜力在2010—2020年波动增大，多年均值为3.754 kg·m^-2；空间上，土壤风蚀潜力在子区域Ⅳ最大但降低显著（-0.522 kg·m^-2·a^-1，P<0.05）。（4）驱动因素分析发现，风速是青藏高原土壤风蚀潜力时空变化的主导驱动因素，黏土含量、归一化植被指数、海拔和人类足迹等因素对其变化也具有重要影响。研究结果对于准确评估青藏高原土地退化风险、制定荒漠化控制策略和防风固沙生态建设具有重要意义。

关键词: 小时风速, 修正风蚀方程, 风蚀, 防风固沙, 地理探测器, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Near-surface winds are crucial drivers of soil wind erosion. Thus, the temporal resolution of their data is key to predicting wind erosion models. Here, we analyzed the differences in the simulation and forecasting effectiveness of the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model for wind erosion based on the temporal resolutions of wind-speed data and explored the spatial and temporal patterns of daily soil wind erosion potentials and their driving factors on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau between 2010 and 2020. Our results revealed that: (1) The temporal resolution of wind-speed data significantly impacted the simulation and forecasting effectiveness of the RWEQ model, with hourly data enhancing the simulated wind factor and soil wind erosion potential by 76.95% and 44.02%, respectively, compared with daily data. (2) Enhanced soil wind erosion potential on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was generally was observed between 12:00 and 18:00, and significantly high spatial variation was observed between 00:00 and 08:00, with the daily variation exhibiting the following cyclical characteristic: “Slow decrease-steep increase-sharp decrease” (the largest and least daily variations were observed at 14:00 and 06:00, respectively, with the daily variations near the Qaidam Basin in subregion Ⅳ accounting for the least, exhibiting the weakest cyclic feature. (3) The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau represented a moderate wind erosion area, and its soil wind erosion potential fluctuated (displaying an increasing pattern from 2010 to 2020, with a multi-year average value of 3.754 kg·m^-2), and spatially, the soil wind erosion potential in subregion IV accounted for the largest, although it decreased significantly (-0.522 kg·m^-2·a^-1, P<0.05). (4) Driver analyses revealed that wind-speed was the dominant driver of the spatial and temporal variability in the soil wind erosion potentials of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and those factors such as clay content, normalized difference vegetation index, elevation, and human footprints also had an important influence on its variability. The results of this study are of great significance for accurately assessing the risk of land degradation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, formulating desertification control strategies and ecological construction of wind and sand control.

Key words: hourly wind speed, revised wind erosion equation, wind erosion, wind and sand control, geodetector, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

王晓菲, 邳华伟, 李思思. 青藏高原土壤风蚀潜力时空特征及驱动因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1589-1599.

WANG Xiaofei, PI Huawei, LI Sisi. Spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of soil wind erosion potential on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1589-1599.

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区域	风力因子			土壤风蚀潜力
区域	均值/m³·s^-3	年均变化率/m³·s^-3·a^-1	变异系数	均值/kg·m^-2	年均变化率/kg·m^-2·a^-1	变异系数
青藏高原	1167.616	-2.198	1.047	3.754	-0.029	2.133
子区域Ⅰ	1458.749	-13.990	0.913	5.492	-0.125^*	1.833
子区域Ⅱ	939.375	34.786^***	1.271	2.043	0.100^***	1.679
子区域Ⅲ	638.781	18.243	1.111	1.888	0.124	1.495
子区域Ⅳ	1346.168	-49.351^*	1.138	10.652	-0.522^**	1.686
子区域Ⅴ	1569.005	-58.388^***	0.616	1.041	-0.061^*	0.998