沙质草原风蚀坑发育过程中植物-土壤系统碳动态——以锡林郭勒盟草原为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.633

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草原风蚀坑改变植物生长环境，影响草原生态系统碳循环过程。2022年4—10月，在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟多伦县沙质草原，通过时空替代法研究风蚀坑发育对植物-土壤系统碳动态的影响，分析土壤理化性质、植物和土壤碳储量及土壤含碳气体通量的时空分异特征及环境响应。结果表明：（1）风蚀坑发育显著降低了植物总生物量和植物总碳储量，特别在活跃风蚀坑阶段分别降低97.09%、95.48%。（2）土壤碳库在活跃风蚀坑阶段损失最为显著，土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量及总碳含量分别减少63.53%、74.58%、61.08%。（3）风蚀坑发育显著降低了土壤温室气体通量，在活跃风蚀坑阶段，土壤CO₂累积排放量平均下降60.99%；同时，土壤CH₄吸收量平均减少88.89%，并于5—6月由吸收转为释放。（4）风蚀坑发育主要通过改变土壤容重及孔隙度等结构性指标来影响植物-土壤系统碳库稳定性。综上所述，风蚀坑发育显著改变了沙质草原植物-土壤系统碳动态，造成植物和土壤碳库严重损失，加剧土壤贫瘠化。

关键词: 土壤碳库, 植物碳库, 土壤温室气体, 草原风蚀坑

Abstract:

Grassland wind erosion pits change the plant growth environment and affect the carbon cycle process of grassland ecosystems. From April to October 2022, the effect of wind erosion pit development on the carbon dynamics of plant-soil system was studied in the sandy grassland of Duolun County, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China by using the spatiotemporal substitution method. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity and environmental response of soil physical and chemical properties, plant and soil carbon storage, and soil carbon gas flux were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The development of wind erosion pits significantly reduced the total plant biomass and total plant carbon storage, especially during the active wind erosion pit stage, where they decreased by 97.09% and 95.48%, respectively. (2) The soil carbon pool lost the most in the active wind erosion pit stage, with soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and total carbon contents decreasing by 63.53%, 74.58% and 61.08%, respectively. (3) The development of wind erosion pits significantly reduced soil greenhouse gas flux. During the active wind erosion pit stage, the cumulative CO₂ emissions from the soil decreased by an average of 60.99%; at the same time, the soil CH₄ absorption decreased by an average of 88.89%, and turned from absorption to release in May-June. (4) The development of wind erosion pits mainly affected the stability of the carbon pool in the plant-soil system by changing structural indicators such as soil bulk density and porosity. In summary, the development of wind erosion pits significantly changed the carbon dynamics of the plant-soil system in sandy grasslands, causing serious losses in plant and soil carbon pools and exacerbating soil impoverishment.

Key words: soil carbon pool, plant carbon pool, soil greenhouse gas, grassland wind erosion pit

吕楠, 葛楠, 王博, 李雨薇, 余雅楠, 李欣, 王传琪. 沙质草原风蚀坑发育过程中植物-土壤系统碳动态——以锡林郭勒盟草原为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1612-1622.

LYU Nan, GE Nan, WANG Bo, LI Yuwei, YU Yanan, LI Xin, WANG Chuanqi. Carbon dynamics of the plant-soil system during the development of wind erosion pits in a sandy grassland: A case of Xilin Gol League grassland[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1612-1622.

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样地类型	植物群落优势种	草本密度/株·m^-2	植被盖度/%
天然草原	克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）、羊草（Leymus chinensis）、蒙古韭（Allium mongolicum）	311±58a	86.2±24.5a
风蚀裸地	羊草、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、蒙古韭	38±21a	19.4±7.8c
活跃风蚀坑	角蒿（Incarvillea sinensis）、猪毛菜（Salsola collina）、沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）	14±6b	8.7±2.3d
消亡风蚀坑	差巴嘎蒿（Artemisia halodendron）、短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）、大籽蒿（Artemisia sieversiana）	174±33b	52.3±16.6b

样地类型	土壤性状指标
样地类型	土壤含水率/%	pH	土壤容重/g·cm^-3	土壤孔隙度/%
消亡风蚀坑	31.17±6.4b	8.31±0.28b	1.54±0.08b	41.95±1.42b
活跃风蚀坑	14.40±1.47c	8.55±0.09b	1.72±0.06a	35.09±1.16c
风蚀裸地	21.83±5.25bc	8.13±0.17b	1.52±0.07b	42.80±1.34b
天然草原	53.27±10.99a	7.14±0.44a	1.40±0.03c	47.20±1.04a
样地类型	土壤性状指标
样地类型	田间持水量/%	土壤砂粒含量/%	土壤粉粒含量/%	土壤黏粒含量/%
消亡风蚀坑	23.18±0.55c	77.95±2.77b	14.87±1.68b	7.18±1.16b
活跃风蚀坑	16.45±1.24d	99.19±0.01a	0.81±0.01c	0.00±0.00c
风蚀裸地	24.96±0.87b	96.72±0.37a	2.51±0.15c	0.77±0.24c
天然草原	28.03±0.44a	67.23±3.46c	19.79±2.30a	12.98±1.15a