煤炭开采对陕北三大煤田水资源影响的定量研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.571

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高强度的煤炭开采加剧了干旱半干旱区的水资源损耗与生态脆弱性，开展采煤对地表水和地下水损耗的研究，对水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。以陕北侏罗纪、石炭-二叠纪和三叠纪煤田矿区为例，通过静储量、动储量和损耗量的方法定量识别2022年采煤破坏的水资源量。结果表明：（1）不同煤田水文地质特征差异显著，采空区面积、给水度、地下水破坏模数随含水层厚度和煤田类型不同而变化。（2）煤炭开采已造成地下水静储量破坏量为5782.761×10⁵ m³，2022年动储量破坏达2171.952×10⁵ m³，主要集中在侏罗纪煤田的萨拉乌苏组含水层及烧变岩区。（3） 2022年矿井总涌水量2507.800×10⁵ m³，采煤活动引发地表水损耗量486.889×10⁵ m³、地下水损耗量335.848×10⁵ m³，采煤对水资源的影响具有明显的区域性。研究结果揭示了采煤对水资源的定量影响，可为干旱区水资源保护与开发协同管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 煤炭开采, 水资源, 静储量, 动储量, 陕北

Abstract:

High-intensity coal mining accounts for exacerbated water-resource depletion and ecological vulnerability in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, investigating coal-mining-induced surface water and groundwater depletions is pivotal to sustainable water-resource utilization. To address this, static, dynamic, and depletion methods are employed to quantitatively identify water resources depleted by coal mining in 2022 in mining sites within the Jurassic, Carboniferous-Permian, and Triassic coalfields in northern Shaanxi, China. The results reveal the following: (1) Different coalfields exhibit significantly varying hydrogeological characteristics, with the aquifer thickness and coalfield type influencing the variations in the goaf area, water supply degree, and groundwater-damage modulus. (2) Coal mining already accounts for the depletion of 5782.761×10⁵ m³ of static groundwater reserves, specifically facilitating the depletion of 2171.952×10⁵ m³ dynamic reserves in 2022 (mainly in the Salawusu formation aquifer and burned-rock area of the Jurassic coalfield). (3) The total water influx of the mine was 2507.800×10⁵ m³ in 2022, and coal mining triggered the depletions of 486.889×10⁵ m³ and 335.848×10⁵ m³ surface water and groundwater, respectively, with coal mining exerting regional-type impacts on water resources. Overall, these results reveal the quantitative impact of coal mining on water resources, offering a scientific basis for the synergistic management of water-resource protection and development in arid areas.

Key words: coal mining, water resources, static reserve, dynamic reserve, northern Shaanxi

杨安乐, 蒋晓辉, 陈星弛, 张琳, 许芳冰. 煤炭开采对陕北三大煤田水资源影响的定量研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1521-1530.

YANG Anle, JIANG Xiaohui, CHEN Xingchi, ZHANG Lin, XU Fangbing. Quantitative research on the impact of coal mining on water resources of the three main coalfields in northern Shaanxi[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1521-1530.

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煤田	水文地质	含水层厚度/m	静储量采空区面积/10⁵ m²	动储量采空区面积/10⁵ m²
侏罗纪	萨拉乌苏组	0~20	6374.965	4388.119
		20~40	1725.858	1214.618
		40~60	247.806	247.806
	烧变岩	-	4090.030	3878.325
石炭-二叠纪	-	-	442.684	326.526
三叠纪	-	-	932.143	515.428

煤田	水文地质类型	区县	单位涌水量/L·s^-1·m^-1	给水度
侏罗纪	萨拉乌苏组	府谷县、神木市、榆阳区、横山区	1.000	0.021
侏罗纪	烧变岩	神木市	1.739	0.036
石炭-二叠纪	第四系松散孔隙潜水	府谷县	0.057	0.001
三叠纪	第四系松散岩类孔隙及裂隙潜水	子洲县、宝塔区、富县、黄陵县、子长市	0.186	0.004

煤田	水文地质	含水层厚度/m	采空区面积/10⁵ m²	总排水量/m³·h^-1	破坏模数 /10^-5 m³·h^-1·m^-2
侏罗纪	萨拉乌苏组	0~20	4388.119	7851.580	1.789
		20~40	1214.618	7921.544	6.522
		40~60	247.806	1451.027	5.855
	烧变岩	-	3878.325	11056.219	2.851
石炭-二叠纪	-	-	326.526	51.864	0.159
三叠纪	-	-	515.428	295.631	0.574

煤田	水文地质	含水层厚度/m	采空区面积/10⁵ m²	含水层厚度/m	单位涌水量/ L·s^-1·m^-1	给水度	静储量/10⁵ m³
侏罗纪	萨拉乌苏组	0~20	6374.965	10.000	1.000	0.021	1338.743
		20~40	1725.858	30.000	1.000	0.021	1087.291
		40~60	247.806	50.000	1.000	0.021	260.196
	烧变岩	-	4090.030	20.000	1.739	0.036	2944.822
石炭-二叠纪	-	-	442.684	47.910	0.057	0.001	21.209
三叠纪	-	-	932.143	35.000	0.186	0.004	130.500

煤田	水文地质	含水层厚度/m	采空区面积/10⁵ m²	塌陷区面积/10⁵ m²	总排水量 /m³·h^-1	破坏模数 /10^-5 m³·h^-1·m^-2	动储量 /m³·h^-1	动储量 /10⁵ m³
侏罗纪	萨拉乌苏组	0~20	4388.119	3660.146	7851.580	1.789	6548.001	573.605
		20~40	1214.618	946.467	7921.544	6.522	6172.858	540.742
		40~60	247.806	231.069	1451.027	5.855	1352.909	118.515
	烧变岩	-	3878.325	3647.071	11056.219	2.851	10397.799	910.847
石炭-二叠纪	-	-	326.526	289.586	51.864	0.159	46.044	4.033
三叠纪	-	-	515.428	481.488	295.631	0.574	276.374	24.210