1990-2015年唐古拉山中段冰川变化遥感监测

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像数据对唐古拉山中段冰川进行监测研究,重点分析了冰川的面积、储量、坡向变化和重心移动规律,并采用空间插值分析法揭示研究区气候变化特点及与冰川变化的关系。结果表明:近25 a来研究区冰川退缩比较严重,冰川面积减少约115.46 km²占22.18%,冰储量预估损失6.28 km³,且21世纪以来冰川退缩速率明显加快;研究区冰川重心有向西北偏移的趋势;空间插值显示近25 a来研究区升温比较明显而降水变化比较微弱,研究认为唐古拉山中段冰川退缩加快可能是由升温造成的。

关键词: 冰川退缩, 冰川重心, 克里金插值, 气候变化, 唐古拉山中段

Abstract: The paper, which used the remote sensing images of Landsat data (TM/ETM+/OLI) from 1990 to 2015 to study the glacier in the middle region of Tanggula Mountain, and the ratio threshold and visual interpretation to extract the boundary of glaciers in the year of 1990, 2000, 2015, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, analyzed emphatically the change of glacier area, glacier volume and the glacier change rule in different slope aspects. In particular, a new mathematical method was used to calculate the glacial gravity center which was helpful to reflect the glacier characteristics in study area. Since there were no weather stations in the middle region of Tanggula Mountain, this paper used kriging interpolation method and based on 8 weather stations' data to get the accurate meteorological data and analyze the relationship between climate change and glacier variation precisely. Comparing results between the glacier variation from 1990 to 2000 and 2000 to 2015 demonstrated that the glacial retreat in the study area was very serious. In the last 25 years, it changed from 520.45 km² to 404.99 km² with 115.46 km²(22.18%) glacier area retreated. Moreover, the rate of glacier declined after 2000 was much faster than that in the last decade of 20^th century, the mean value of annual rate from 1990 to 2000 and 2000 to 2015 were 3.81 km²·a^-1 and 5.58 km²·a^-1, respectively. According to the computing formula for ice reserve, the glacier volume may decreased 6.28 km³ which occupied almost 23.3% of the total volume in 1990. In addition, the whole glacial gravity center had a movement trend towards northwest from 92°24'58"E, 32°53'10"N to 92°23'19"E, 32°54'03"N, and 10.41% of glaciers had a particularly position change with the glacial gravity center moved over 120 m (the size of 4 pixel) or disappeared completely, most of which were small glaciers whose size was no bigger than 1 km². Results of glacier slope aspects showed that glaciers in the northeast, north and northwest aspects declined more quickly than that in the south and southwest, which may be due to the monsoon climate variations and the water vapor sources in the study area. Finally, results of spatial interpolation showed that the temperature of study area increased prominently, while the precipitation changed faintly. The mean annual temperature of 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2013 were -2.06℃, -1.78℃ and -0.93℃, respectively;and the mean annual precipitation were 440.50 mm, 399.50 mm and 471.44 mm, respectively. The glacier change was consistent with temperature variation, indicating that the main reason for rapid glacier decrease in the middle region of Tanggula Mountain might be the rise of temperature. This paper attached great importance to the study of glacier change in recent years, especially in the area that had not been investigated (the middle region of Tanggula Mountain). The introduction of the new method is a very useful and significant attempt to study the characteristics of glacier and reveal the relationship between climate change and glacier variation.

Key words: glacier retreat, glacial gravity center, kriging interpolation, climate change, the Middle Region of Tanggula Mountain

中图分类号:

P343.6

王聪强, 杨太保, 冀琴, 何毅. 1990-2015年唐古拉山中段冰川变化遥感监测[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(3): 504-512.

WANG Cong-qiang, YANG Tai-bao, JI Qin, HE Yi. Remote sensing monitoring of glacier changes in the middle region of Tanggula Mountain[J]. , 2016, 39(3): 504-512.

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