新疆小海子灌区耕地土壤盐渍化特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.008

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1314-1323.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.008

新疆小海子灌区耕地土壤盐渍化特征研究

石聪¹(),陈礼瀚¹,张怡菲¹,何帅^2,^3,⁴(),谢海霞¹

1.石河子大学农学院农业资源与环境系，新疆石河子 832000
2.新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥力研究所，新疆石河子 832000
3.农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832000
4.水肥资源高效利用兵团重点实验室，新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2023-01-04 修回日期:2023-03-10 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-09-21
通讯作者: 何帅（1976-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事节水农业和土壤改良等方面的研究. E-mail: xjshzhs@163.com
作者简介:石聪（1999-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤资源利用等方面的研究. E-mail: 1308340156@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团财政科技计划项目(2021AB009);石河子大学高层次人才项目(RCZK201926)

Soil salinization characteristics of cultivated land in Xiaohaizi Irrigation Area of Xinjiang

SHI Cong¹(),CHEN Lihan¹,ZHANG Yifei¹,HE Shuai^2,^3,⁴(),XIE Haixia¹

1. Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
2. Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil Fertility, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
3. Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Rebublic of China, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
4. Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-01-04 Revised:2023-03-10 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-09-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以第三师小海子灌区为研究对象，于2021年4月分层采集土壤样品324份，测定总盐、8大离子和pH值，采用描述性统计、显著性检验与空间插值等方法分析灌区土壤盐分含量以及分布规律。结果表明：（1）小海子灌区土壤受到不同程度盐渍化的危害，土壤总盐及各盐基离子在空间上分布极不均匀，盐分分布大体呈现出西南低、东北高的规律，土壤盐渍化危害最严重的区域为51团和53团。（2）研究区以氯化物硫酸盐盐化土壤为主，分布在51团、44团大部分区域以及50团、53团的部分区域；44团、50团及51团交界处分布有硫酸盐盐化土壤，49团大部分区域为氯化物盐化土壤。（3）研究区表层分布面积最广的为中度盐渍化土壤，其次为轻度盐渍化土壤；重度盐渍化土壤集中分布于51团、44团中部和50团与53团交界处。20~40 cm土层分布面积最大的为轻度盐渍化土壤，其次为中度盐渍化和非盐渍化土壤。研究结果通过明确区域内土壤盐分特征、盐分类型和盐渍化程度，为今后通过不断完善当地灌溉排水管理体系，有针对性地治理土壤盐渍化提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 土壤盐渍化, 小海子灌区, 描述性统计, 克里金插值

Abstract:

This article chooses the Xiaohaizi Irrigation Area of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China, as the research object. In April 2021, 324 soil samples were collected in layers (including 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) to determine the total salt, eight major ions, and pH values. Descriptive statistics, significance testing, and spatial interpolation were used to analyze the soil salt content and distribution characteristics in the irrigation area. The results reveal that: (1) The varying degrees of salinization affect the soil in the Xiaohaizi Irrigation Area, and the distribution of total salt and various base ions in the soil is extremely uneven in space. The salt concentration generally exhibits a low distribution pattern in the southwest and high distribution characteristic in the northeast. The areas with the most severe soil salinization hazards are the 51^st and 53^rd regiments. (2) The research area is primarily composed of chloride sulfated soil, distributed in main areas of the 51^st and 44^th regiments and some areas of the 50^th and 53^rd regiments. Sulfated soil is distributed at the junction of the 44^th, 50^th, and 51^st regiments, whereas chloride saline soil is distributed in the majority of the 49^th regiment. (3) Moderately saline soil is the most widely distributed in the surface area of the study area, followed by lightly saline soil. Severely saline soil is concentrated in the 51^st regiment, the middle of the 44^th regiment, and the junction between the 50^th and 53^rd regiments. Lightly saline soil is the soil layer with the largest distribution area of 20-40 cm, followed by moderately saline and nonsaline soil. The research results provide theoretical basis and data support for targeted management of soil salinization by clarifying the characteristics, types, and degree of soil salinity within the region and continuously improving the local irrigation and drainage management system in the future.

Key words: soil salinization, Xiaohaizi Irrigation Area, descriptive statistics, Kriging interpolation

石聪, 陈礼瀚, 张怡菲, 何帅, 谢海霞. 新疆小海子灌区耕地土壤盐渍化特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(8): 1314-1323.

SHI Cong, CHEN Lihan, ZHANG Yifei, HE Shuai, XIE Haixia. Soil salinization characteristics of cultivated land in Xiaohaizi Irrigation Area of Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1314-1323.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

土壤盐分特征统计值（N=154）"

团场	土层/cm	指标	盐分离子含量									pH
团场	土层/cm	指标	总盐/g·kg^-1	K⁺/g·kg^-1	Na⁺/g·kg^-1	Ca²⁺/g·kg^-1	Mg²⁺/mg·kg^-1	SO₄^2-/g·kg^-1	Cl^-/g·kg^-1	HCO₃^-/g·kg^-1	CO₃^2-/g·kg^-1	pH
44团（N=24）	0~20	极小值	0.01	0.02	0.12	0.05	0.00	0.13	0.13	0.15	-	7.94
		极大值	69.23	0.41	9.95	2.20	8.88	20.36	7.91	0.35	-	8.72
		均值	6.29	0.10	0.68	0.63	2.12	2.95	0.83	0.23	-	8.27
		标准差	13.68	0.07	1.98	0.74	3.07	4.15	1.56	0.06	-	0.23
		C_ν/%	217.45	73.69	293.05	117.59	145.16	140.53	187.02	25.11	-	2.79
	20~40	极小值	0.30	0.03	0.12	0.03	0.00	0.15	0.10	0.16	-	8.10
		极大值	40.79	0.31	9.95	2.69	8.86	14.70	13.01	0.31	-	9.08
		均值	5.09	0.09	0.66	0.64	2.79	2.35	0.94	0.23	-	8.37
		标准差	8.10	0.06	1.98	0.84	3.39	3.15	2.59	0.04	-	0.26
		C_ν/%	159.02	66.21	298.32	129.82	121.69	134.02	274.23	17.97	-	3.09
49团（N=31）	0~20	极小值	0.01	0.03	0.10	0.06	0.00	0.06	0.08	0.07	-	8.24
		极大值	16.11	0.76	5.41	1.82	8.52	2.53	5.04	0.41	-	8.96
		均值	2.65	0.10	0.56	0.19	4.37	0.67	0.77	0.24	-	8.59
		标准差	3.87	0.13	1.08	0.35	3.14	0.66	0.94	0.07	-	0.19
		C_ν/%	146.02	127.77	194.19	180.90	71.96	98.92	123.01	28.83	-	2.25
	20~40	极小值	0.20	0.04	0.07	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.14	-	8.19
		极大值	5.50	0.16	0.45	1.14	8.36	3.04	1.46	0.40	-	9.61
		均值	1.56	0.07	0.29	0.13	4.82	0.59	0.57	0.26	-	8.66
		标准差	1.39	0.03	0.10	0.19	3.07	0.63	0.37	0.07	-	0.27
		C_ν/%	88.81	41.03	32.78	154.86	63.74	108.12	66.09	27.76	-	3.12
50团（N=30）	0~20	极小值	0.42	0.03	0.14	0.09	0.00	0.01	0.11	0.15	-	7.89
		极大值	55.91	0.65	9.73	2.43	171.71	8.48	15.32	0.28	-	8.81
		均值	6.26	0.10	0.69	1.10	12.37	3.05	0.92	0.20	-	8.30
		标准差	9.77	0.11	1.78	0.86	41.93	2.26	2.73	0.03	-	0.22
		C_ν/%	156.07	103.09	258.34	78.27	339.05	74.11	298.21	17.62	-	2.63
	20~40	极小值	0.86	0.03	0.14	0.10	0.00	0.01	0.08	0.13	-	7.90
		极大值	33.03	0.54	6.60	2.17	162.70	10.65	6.71	0.29	-	8.83
		均值	5.71	0.09	0.51	0.87	6.89	2.97	0.63	0.20	-	8.33
		标准差	5.86	0.09	1.15	0.77	29.50	2.58	1.20	0.04	-	0.25
		C_ν/%	102.75	93.90	226.73	89.01	427.89	86.88	190.61	21.63	-	2.99
51团（N=41）	0~20	极小值	0.70	0.04	0.13	0.12	0.00	0.32	0.07	0.06	-	7.79
		极大值	55.19	2.38	8.54	3.22	92.18	16.46	7.77	0.27	-	9.21
		均值	13.23	0.20	1.46	1.88	3.18	5.53	1.45	0.15	-	8.65
		标准差	15.02	0.37	2.30	1.04	14.39	4.00	1.98	0.04	-	0.37
		C_ν/%	113.52	186.11	157.45	55.03	452.04	72.34	136.58	27.29	-	4.29
	20~40	极小值	0.32	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.00	0.23	0.01	0.03	-	7.80
		极大值	62.63	2.70	9.41	3.47	8.19	68.20	18.46	0.26	-	9.11
		均值	10.21	0.18	1.19	1.78	0.88	6.24	1.33	0.15	-	8.43
		标准差	12.56	0.42	2.26	1.04	1.80	10.49	3.01	0.05	-	0.29
		C_ν/%	123.00	229.16	189.52	58.74	203.43	168.21	226.53	31.66	-	3.46
53团（N=28）	0~20	极小值	0.29	0.03	0.10	0.07	0.00	0.01	0.05	0.12	-	8.06
		极大值	78.43	2.05	10.82	3.50	8.30	13.20	33.15	0.31	-	9.40
		均值	8.70	0.20	0.85	0.92	1.67	2.67	2.73	0.18	-	8.84
		标准差	16.20	0.47	2.12	0.96	2.54	3.24	7.54	0.05	-	0.31
		C_ν/%	186.24	229.04	250.60	105.32	151.71	121.48	276.34	28.03	-	3.49
	20~40	极小值	0.60	0.03	0.15	0.07	0.00	0.11	0.07	0.10	-	8.23
		极大值	43.71	1.19	7.35	3.11	21.41	18.66	10.45	0.33	-	9.26
		均值	5.78	0.18	0.84	1.02	2.56	3.14	1.02	0.18	-	8.63
		标准差	7.97	0.30	1.68	1.00	4.49	3.90	2.02	0.05	-	0.28
		C_ν/%	137.75	172.23	200.40	98.04	175.33	124.21	198.83	29.60	-	3.27
研究区整体（N=154）	0~20	极小值	0.01	0.02	0.10	0.05	0.00	0.01	0.05	0.06	-	7.79
		极大值	78.43	2.38	10.82	3.50	171.71	20.36	33.15	0.41	-	9.40
		均值	7.84	0.15	0.89	1.02	4.77	3.15	1.34	0.20	-	8.55
		标准差	12.99	0.29	1.93	1.03	20.17	3.53	3.67	0.06	-	0.35
		C_ν/%	165.71	197.24	215.68	100.97	422.82	112.33	273.27	30.91	-	4.06
	20~40	极小值	0.20	0.03	0.07	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.03	-	7.80
		极大值	62.63	2.70	9.95	3.47	162.70	68.20	18.46	0.40	-	9.61
		均值	5.99	0.13	0.73	0.95	3.45	3.29	0.92	0.20	-	8.48
		标准差	8.84	0.26	1.67	1.01	13.33	6.19	2.12	0.07	-	0.30
		C_ν/%	147.54	202.01	228.28	106.17	386.51	187.74	229.72	32.88	-	3.54

表4

表5

图2

图3

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土层/cm	盐分离子含量								pH
土层/cm	总盐/g·kg^-1	K⁺/g·kg^-1	Na⁺/g·kg^-1	Ca²⁺/g·kg^-1	Mg²⁺/mg·kg^-1	SO₄^2-/g·kg^-1	Cl^-/g·kg^-1	HCO₃^-/g·kg^-1	pH
0~20	7.837	0.146	0.894	1.018	4.770	3.146	1.344	0.196	8.546
20~40	5.990	0.127	0.731	0.954	3.448	3.295	0.922	0.198	8.483
Sig.(双侧)	0.002^**	0.129	0.090	0.098	0.304	0.746	0.092	0.543	0.006^**

新疆小海子灌区耕地土壤盐渍化特征研究

Soil salinization characteristics of cultivated land in Xiaohaizi Irrigation Area of Xinjiang

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