收藏设为首页 广告服务联系我们在线留言

干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 486-494.

• 地表过程研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国西部冰川小冰期以来的变化——以天山乌鲁木齐河流域为例

蒙彦聪1, 李忠勤1,2, 徐春海2,3, 怀保娟2,3   

  1. 1 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-04 修回日期:2016-02-24 出版日期:2016-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 李忠勤,男,研究员,博导,主要从事冰川与环境方面的研究.Email:lizq@lzb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:蒙彦聪(1992-),女,甘肃庄浪人,硕士研究生,研究方向:冰川变化与水资源.Email:563521833@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CBA01801);中科院重点部署项目(KJZD-EW-G03-01)

Glacier change ofWestern China since the Little Ice Age: a case of the Urumqi River Watershed

MENG Yan-cong1, LI Zhong-qin1,2, XU Chun-hai2,3, HUAI Bao-juan2,3   

  1. 1 College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2015-12-04 Revised:2016-02-24 Online:2016-05-25

摘要: 利用航拍地形图、TM影像、spot5及landsat 8影像,在遥感和地理信息技术的支撑下研究小冰期以来乌鲁木齐河流域冰川变化。对能够观察到小冰期最盛时期冰碛垄的73条冰川研究发现:小冰期到2014年冰川整体呈退缩趋势。相对于小冰期最盛期,面积共退缩了37.22 km2,退缩率为64.84%;总长度共退缩了52878.67 m,退缩率为49.83%,1959年以来,流域内的乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川一直处于退缩状态,物质平衡持续亏损。小冰期以来,海拔3400~4000 m之间的冰川退缩最明显,海拔3400~3600 m之间的冰川消失。冰川朝向分析表明,流域朝北向冰川多于其它方向,冰川在各个朝向上面积均呈退缩趋势,正东向冰川退缩最为严重。分析发现,流域冰川大幅度退缩的主要缘于该流域小冰川数量较多(小冰期冰盛期面积<1 km2的冰川数量达75.3%),小冰川对气候变化的响应敏感,大西沟气象站气象资料分析表明,降水的增加无法弥补夏季气温的持续升高引起的冰川消融是该流域普遍冰川退缩的主要原因。

关键词: 冰川变化, 遥感解译, 乌鲁木齐河流域, 气候变化, 小冰期

Abstract: Change in the extent of glaciers are among the best natural indicators of climatic change. Current glacier fluctuations have important implications for water supply, fisheries, aquatic ecosystems, and seal-level change. However, most studies of glacier variations in western China focus on the recent 50 years, the researches involve in glacier changes since the Little Ice Age is relatively less. The Urumqi River Watershed is a typical northwest inland basin, the glaciers in this region provide important resources for local economic development and drinking water for man use. So this river basin has become one of the most important continental river research base. Thus, a case study of glacier changes in the Urumqi Basin since the Little Ice Age is representative. Based on 1:50000 topographic maps in 1964, Landsat TM remote sensing image in 1989, Spot5 images in 2005, Landsat8 image in 2014 and digital elevation model (ASTER-DEM), the study regions of glaciers were extracted by using remote sensing and the changes of glaciers in the study area were analyzed under the support of the geographic information systems technology. According to spot5 images, the glacier boundary of the Little Ice Age were extracted. At the same time, referring to Google earth, topographic map and TM images to improve the accuracy of the boundary. The glacier boundary in 1964 were based on ArcGIS10 to digitization the topographic map. The glacier boundaries in 1989, 2005 and 2014 were extracted through visual interpretation, meanwhile, images overlay DEM to visual amend. This method is the highest accuracy to achieve the boundary of glaciers at present. The result indicate that the analysis of 73 glaciers in which moraine ridge can be easily observed during the Little Ice Age Maximum shows that the total area of glaciers decreased 37.22 km2, at a rate of 64.84% in the period LIA-2014, and the total length of glaciers decreased 52878.67 m at a rate of 49.83%. Since 1959, the observed mass balance of Urumqi No.1 glacier continued losses. In the altitude of 3300-4000 m, the area of glaciers decreased significantly, the glaciers at an altitude of 3400-3600 had disappeared. The orientation analysis of glaciers shows that the glaciers in north direction were more than those in other directions. The area of glaciers decreased in all the directions and deceased relatively small in southwest direction, the reduction rate of glaciers to the east slope of Urumqi River Basin was largest. Analysis showed that the reasons of the large change rate of glaciers is caused by the large proportion of small glaciers, whose glaciers smaller than 1 km2 account for 75.3% in the investigated glaciers. And those glaciers have the highest degree of response to climate change. The analysis of the meteorological data from Daxigou weather stations from 1959 to 2013 shows that the main reason of the glacier shrinkage in Urumqi River watershed is that the glacier mass supply of increased precipitation could not fill the gap of the huge glacier mass loss caused by rising temperature.

Key words: glacier changes, RS interpretation, Urumqi RiverWatershed, climate change, Little Ice Age

中图分类号: 

  • P931.4