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干旱区地理 ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01): 46-55.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1971-2010年三江源地区干湿状况变化的空间特征

徐维新1,2,古松3,1,苏文将2,江莎3,校瑞香2,肖建设2,张娟2   

  1. 1 中科院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810001;2 青海省气象科学研究所,青海 西宁 810001; 3 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071)
  • 收稿日期:2011-05-18 修回日期:2011-07-27 出版日期:2012-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 徐维新
  • 作者简介:徐维新(1973-),男,博士研究生,主要从事青藏高原气候变化及其对生态环境的影响
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41061002);高原气象开放基金项目(LPM20090005);干旱气象基金项目(IAM200812)

Spatial pattern and its variations of aridity/humidity during [STHZ]1971-2010[STBZ] in  ThreeRiver Source Region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

XU Weixin1,2,GU Song3,1,SU Wenjiang2,JIANG Sha3,XIAO Ruixiang2,XIAO Jianshe2,ZHANG Juan2   

  1. 1 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001,Qinghai,China; 2 Meteorological Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001,Qinghai,China; 3 Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300071,China
  • Received:2011-05-18 Revised:2011-07-27 Online:2012-01-25
  • Contact: XU Wei xin

摘要: 依据1971-2010年地面观测气象数据,计算了三江源地区湿润指数。利用经验正交函数分解(EOF)和偏相关系数,对近40 a三江源地区干湿状况变化的时空特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:三江源地区干湿状况的变化在其北部与南部、东部与西部间存在明显反相位变化特征。北部和东部的部分区域分别在20世纪90年代和21世纪后表现出气候湿润化趋势,其余大部地区的持续干旱化趋势始于20世纪80年代初,其中南部与西部变干趋势显著,其湿润指数线性趋势率达到-8%/10 a。虽然三江源地区干湿状况主要决定于降水量和相对湿度的变化,但20世纪90年代中期后气温的显著上升,使得气温也成为关键的影响因子之一,即使在降水明显增加的背景下,也引起三江源主体区域湿润指数的明显下降。气候变暖情景下,北部和东部地区在近十几年暖湿化趋势明显,其余大部地区表现为不同程度的暖干化趋势。

关键词: 三江源, 湿润指数, 气候变化

Abstract: The ThreeRiver Source Region (TRSR), the source region of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Mekong River, is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. With a typical continental plateau climate and alpine vegetation ecosystem, the water and heat matching is a key to vegetation variation over region. In this study, monthly humidity indexes in TRSR were computed using groundobserved monthly air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity and air pressure from 1971-2010, based on the method of Ecological and Meteorological Monitoring Standard which recommended by China Meteorological Bureau. The spatiotemporal variation of aridity/humidity conditions and its dominated factor were analyzed using the method of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), linear correlation and partial correlation analysis. The results show a clear of opposite mode in the zone of northern toward southern and western toward eastern in TRSR. It was found that there is a wet tendency after 1990s and 21st century in the zone of northern and eastern respectively, but a continual dry tendency since 1980s, especially in the zone of southern and western with a remarkable decreased trend(-8%/10a), occurred in other area of TRSR. Aridity/humidity conditions are controlled by precipitation and relative humidity in generally, but the situation is changed evidently after Mid1990s in the most area of TRSR due to a significant warming, and temperature plays a key of factor to dominate a decreased trend of humidity index even if precipitation increases markedly since then. Under a scenarios of climate warming, it shows a tendency of heat and wet obviously in the zone of northern and eastern and heat and aridity in a certain extent in most area of TRSR.

Key words: Threeriver Source region, humidity index, climate change

中图分类号: 

  • P467