1980—2018年银川市生态系统服务价值评价及驱动力分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.02.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统服务价值（Ecosystem service values,ESV）的准确评估及其驱动力分析,关乎区域生态安全和经济发展。基于1980—2018年银川市各区县的土地利用数据,结合变化率、动态度、敏感性和相关性核算了银川市的生态系统服务价值,并利用地理探测器分析了驱动因子。结果表明：1980—2018年不同生态服务类型总的ESV在减小,减少了0.753×10⁹元。绝大部分生态服务类型的生态系统服务价值变化幅度较小,水文调节的价值最高且变化显著。水资源供给的变化动态度最大,并且呈增长趋势;草地和水体生态系统服务价值的敏感性较强,水体与总的生态系统服务价值关联性最强。从分布来看,灵武市生态系统服务价值最高,金凤县最小。单因子主要驱动因子为国内生产总值（Gross domestic product,GDP）和数字高程模型（Digital elevation model,DEM）,多因子交互驱动中GDP ∩ 气温和GDP ∩ DEM对银川市ESV分布的贡献最大,银川市生态系统服务价值分布主要受人为因素和自然因素的交互作用影响。

关键词: 生态系统服务价值, 驱动力分析, 地理探测器, 银川市

Abstract:

Accurate ecosystem service value (ESV) evaluation and its driving force analysis relate to regional ecological security and economic development. Based on land-use data of various districts and counties in Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province, China from 1980 to 2018, combined with the change rate, dynamic attitude, sensitivity, and correlation, this study calculated the ESV in Yinchuan and applied GeoDetector to analyze the driving factors. The results show that from 1980 to 2018, the total ESV of different ecological services decreased by 0.755×10⁹ Yuan·km^-2. The change range of ESV of most ecological services is small, and the hydrological regulation value is the highest, and the change is significant. The dynamic attitude of water resources supply is the greatest, showing an increasing trend. The sensitivity of grassland and water ESV is strong, and the relationship between water and total ESV is the strongest. From the viewpoint of distribution, the ESV in Lingwu City is the highest and that in Jinfeng County is the smallest. The principal drivers of single-factors are GDP and DEM. In the multifactor interaction drive, GDP ∩ temperature and GDP ∩ DEM contribute most to the ESV distribution in Yinchuan. The distribution of ESV in Yinchuan is predominantly influenced by the interaction of human and natural factors. This study used high-resolution data and various evaluation indicators to account for the ESV of Yinchuan with long-term series in detail. The study evenly selected six time-nodes throughout the time series to highlight the meticulous features of ESV changes of Yinchuan. By exploring the factors changing the ESV, the interaction between the factors was quantified using GeoDetector, indicating that this tool is critical for the ecological environment. This study could provide reliable scientific reference and decision data for the ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of Yinchuan.

Key words: ecosystem service value, driving force analysis, GeoDetector, Yinchuan City

王波,杨太保. 1980—2018年银川市生态系统服务价值评价及驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(2): 552-564.

WANG Bo,YANG Taibao. Value evaluation and driving force analysis of ecosystem services in Yinchuan City from 1980 to 2018[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2): 552-564.

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参考文献 46

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服务类别	单项服务	林地	草地	耕地	水体	裸地
供给服务	食物生产	6.472	5.450	42.854	22.313	0.000
	原料生产	14.648	8.005	5.178	12.434	0.000
	水资源供给	7.494	4.428	-71.537	185.314	0.000
调节服务	气体调节	48.032	28.104	34.814	45.477	0.681
	气候调节	144.095	74.262	17.986	100.321	0.000
	净化环境	43.603	24.527	5.314	155.847	3.407
	水文调节	114.118	54.334	75.965	2154.100	1.022
支持服务	土壤保持	58.592	34.235	7.290	55.185	0.681
	维持养分循环	4.428	2.725	5.995	4.258	0.000
	生物多样性	53.482	31.169	6.609	177.479	0.681
文化服务	美学景观	23.505	13.796	2.861	112.755	0.341
	合计	518.469	281.035	133.329	3025.483	6.813

判据	交互作用
q(X₁ ∩ X₂)<min[q(X₁),q(X₂)]	非线性减弱
min[q(X₁), q(X₂)]<q(X₁ ∩ X₂)<max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	单因子非线性减弱
q(X₁ ∩ X₂)>max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	双因子增强
q(X₁ ∩ X₂)=q(X₁) + q(X₂)	独立
q(X₁ ∩ X₂)>q(X₁) + q(X₂)	非线性增强

服务项目	1980年	1990年	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2018年
食物生产	1.066	1.067	1.199	1.277	1.216	1.225	1.245	1.182
原料生产	0.446	0.445	0.438	0.445	0.440	0.442	0.438	0.425
水资源供给	-0.691	-0.750	-0.978	-1.063	-0.949	-0.976	-1.013	-0.935
气体调节	1.877	1.877	1.908	1.964	1.920	1.930	1.925	1.858
气候调节	3.569	3.563	3.390	3.403	3.397	3.412	3.355	3.279
净化环境	1.527	1.491	1.450	1.476	1.483	1.476	1.459	1.423
水文调节	9.384	8.820	9.260	9.841	9.863	9.752	9.819	9.491
土壤保持	1.620	1.614	1.533	1.540	1.537	1.542	1.516	1.482
维持养分循环	0.229	0.229	0.241	0.251	0.243	0.245	0.246	0.236
生物多样性	1.813	1.774	1.721	1.756	1.760	1.757	1.738	1.695
美学景观	0.892	0.865	0.847	0.870	0.874	0.870	0.863	0.841
合计	21.732	20.995	21.009	21.760	21.784	21.675	21.591	20.977

土地类型	1980—1990年	1990—1995年	1995—2000年	2000—2005年	2005—2010年	2010—2015年	2015—2018年	1980—2018年
林地	-0.286	-1.768	-4.663	6.348	0.681	-1.814	-1.878	-0.087
草地	0.981	-10.716	-0.292	-1.560	0.624	-2.881	-1.488	-0.393
耕地	0.659	17.983	7.754	-5.989	0.949	2.428	-5.770	0.462
水体	-10.268	7.120	8.782	1.974	-2.285	1.295	-3.185	0.088
裸地	-1.172	-4.188	-12.051	6.332	-7.601	-4.544	-4.158	-0.702

服务项目	变化动态度/%	等级	趋势
食物生产	0.295	2	增加
原料生产	-0.118	6	减少
水资源供给	0.917	1	增加
气体调节	-0.023	5	减少
气候调节	-0.213	10	减少
净化环境	-0.177	9	减少
水文调节	0.044	4	增加
土壤保持	-0.223	11	减少
维持养分循环	0.086	3	增加
生物多样性	-0.170	8	减少
美学景观	-0.146	7	减少