扶贫资源配置对低收入农户收入影响——以青海省18村为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2022.208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

防止致贫返贫、建立脱贫长效机制是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的关键落脚点。探究低收入农户收入情况及其影响因素可为建立预防致贫返贫机制提供思路和借鉴。基于青海省3县18个行政村农户调查数据，从农户角度将所访低收入农户收入特征进行分析。借助地理探测器模型和Tobit模型研究影响农户收入和收入结构的影响因子，确定因子的解释力和显著性，并结合分析结果提出政策建议。结果表明：（1）低收入农户的家庭总收入增长明显，增收效果明显，脱贫攻坚成效显著。（2）通过扶贫资源配置，农户增收意愿与内生动力明显提升，工资性收入成为农户的主要收入来源。（3）收入影响单因子解释力有很大差异，且双因子交互作用驱动力均高于单一因子。其中劳动力人数和建档立卡人数交互后影响力最大。（4）公共性扶贫资源配置对农户的收入结构影响显著，不同的收入渠道影响因子各不相同。在收入提升阶段应重点关注贡献程度较高的影响因子。

关键词: 扶贫资源配置, 低收入农户, 地理探测器, Tobit模型

Abstract:

Preventing poverty from returning and establishing a long-term mechanism for poverty eradication are the key footholds for consolidating and expanding the achievement of poverty eradication. Exploring the income of low-income farmer households and its influencing factors can provide ideas and reference for establishing a mechanism that could prevent poverty and return to poverty. Based on the survey data of farmer households in 18 administrative villages in three counties of Qinghai Province, China, this study analyzes the income characteristics of low-income farmer households from a farmer’s perspective. With the help of the geographic detector and Tobit models, this study investigates the influencing factors affecting the income of farmer households and their income structure, determines the explanatory power and significance of these factors, and puts forward policy suggestions combined with the analysis results. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total household income of low-income farmer households has significantly increased; the effect of this increasing income is obvious; and the effect of poverty alleviation is remarkable. (2) the willingness of farmer households to increase income and endogenous power has been significantly improved by the allocation of poverty alleviation resources; wage income has also become the main source of income for farmer households. (3) the explanatory power of a single factor of income impact has great differences, and the driving force of a two-factor interaction is higher than that of the single factor action; the labor force and the number of poor households are the most significant driving forces of the interaction. (4) The allocation of public poverty alleviation resources significantly affects the income structure of farmer households, and the influencing factors of different income channels differ. In the income promotion stage, we should focus on the influencing factors with a high contribution.

Key words: allocation of poverty alleviation resources, low income farmers, geographic detector, Tobit model

杨洋, 乔家君, 王伟, 张二申. 扶贫资源配置对低收入农户收入影响——以青海省18村为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(2): 325-336.

YANG Yang, QIAO Jiajun, WANG Wei, ZHANG Ershen. Impact of poverty alleviation resource allocation on income of rural low-income farmer households: A case of 18 villages in Qinghai Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 325-336.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

表3

指标变量及其说明"

指标类型	指标层	变量含义及赋值
公共性扶贫资源配置渠道	中央财政资金（x₁）	农户是否获得源自中央财政资金的扶贫资源；是赋值1，否赋值0
	省级财政资金（x₂）	农户是否获得源自省级财政资金的扶贫资源；是赋值1，否赋值0
	市级财政资金（x₃）	农户是否获得源自市级财政资金的扶贫资源；是赋值1，否赋值0
	县级财政资金（x₄）	农户是否获得源自县级财政资金的扶贫资源；是赋值1，否赋值0
	其他涉农资金（x₅）	农户是否获得其他涉农资金的扶贫资源；是赋值1，否赋值0
公共性扶贫资源配置方式	提供技能培训（x₆）	农户获得技能培训的人次（次）；计算结果分为a~e类：a=0；b=1；c=2；d=3；e≥4
	直接补助资金（x₇）	农户获得补助资金金额（元）；计算结果分为a~f类：a=0；0<b≤5000；5000<c≤10000；10000<d≤15000；15000<e≤20000；f>20000
	提供产业帮扶（x₈）	农户是否获得产业帮扶；是赋值1，否赋值0
	资金入股分红（x₉）	农户通过资金入股分红金额（元）；计算结果分为a~e类：a=0；0<b≤900；900<c≤1800；1800<d≤2700；e>2700
	提供公益岗位（x₁₀）	农户通过公益岗位劳动获得收益金额（元）；计算结果分为a~e类：a=0；0<b≤7000；7000<c≤14000；14000<d≤21000；e>21000
	提供教育补贴（x₁₁）	农户是否获得教育补贴；是赋值1，否赋值0
	提供小额信贷（x₁₂）	农户获得小额信贷金额（元）；计算结果分为a~f类：a=0；0<b≤10000；10000<c≤20000；20000<d≤30000；30000<e≤40000；f>40000
	提供医疗保障（x₁₃）	农户参加基本医疗保险的财政补贴；无补贴赋值1，部分补贴赋值2，全部补贴赋值3
个体特征变量	劳动力人数（x₁₄）	农户家庭劳动力人数（人）；计算结果分为a~e类：a≤1；b=2；c=3；d=4；e≥5
	所在村属性（x₁₅）	农户所在村是否为脱贫村；是赋值1，否赋值0
	建档立卡人数（x₁₆）	农户家庭建档立卡人数（人）；计算结果分为a~e类：a≤2；b=3；c=4；d=5；e≥6

表3

图2

表4

单因子、双因子交互探测结果"

因子	$x 1$	$x 2$	$x 3$	$x 4$	$x 5$	$x 6$	$x 7$	$x 9$	$x 10$	$x 11$	$x 14$	$x 16$
$x 1$	0.027
$x 2$	0.033	0.008
$x 3$	0.032	0.018	0.010
$x 4$	0.056	0.036	0.039	0.031
$x 5$	0.030	0.020	0.019	0.040	0.012
$x 6$	0.045	0.054	0.044	0.067	0.029	0.025
$x 7$	0.079	0.064	0.064	0.117	0.085	0.110	0.047
$x 9$	0.062	0.066	0.063	0.080	0.071	0.098	0.104	0.045
$x 10$	0.073	0.053	0.048	0.050	0.058	0.101	0.175	0.103	0.047
$x 11$	0.044	0.026	0.033	0.042	0.032	0.060	0.079	0.064	0.072	0.020
$x 14$	0.194	0.183	0.180	0.189	0.174	0.200	0.234	0.229	0.231	0.184	0.159
$x 16$	0.231	0.231	0.233	0.245	0.228	0.251	0.267	0.248	0.271	0.222	0.319	0.214

表4

表5

农户收入类型的影响因子分析结果"

指标	经营性收入		工资性收入		财产性收入		转移性收入
指标	回归系数	t值	回归系数	t值	回归系数	t值	回归系数	t值
$x 1$	0.0170	0.37	0.0106	0.26	0.0306	1.58	-0.0538^*	-1.94
$x 2$	0.0049	0.14	-0.1342^***	-4.16	0.0229	1.51	0.1069^***	4.92
$x 3$	-0.0261	-0.72	0.0140	0.43	-0.1101	0.72	0.0010	0.04
$x 4$	0.0627	1.38	-0.0139	-0.34	-0.0154	-0.79	-0.0062	-0.22
$x 5$	-0.0097	-0.24	0.0121	0.33	-0.0365^**	-2.14	0.0372	-3.28
$x 6$	0.0209^*	1.95	0.0130	1.34	-0.006^*	-1.48	-0.0214^***	1.52
$x 7$	-0.0229^**	-2.03	-0.0922^***	-8.97	0.0107^**	2.21	0.0932^***	13.49
$x 8$	0.0671^***	2.98	-0.0135	-0.66	-0.0138	-1.45	-0.0317^**	-2.31
$x 9$	-0.0216^**	-2.36	0.0101	1.22	0.0185^***	4.77	-0.0155^***	-2.78
$x 10$	-0.0228	-1.66	0.0550^***	4.40	0.0081	1.38	-0.0453^***	-5.38
$x 11$	-0.0196	-0.76	0.0137	0.58	-0.0162	1.47	-0.0218	-1.38
$x 12$	-0.0273^***	2.64	-0.0035	-0.37	-0.0014	-0.33	-0.0130^**	-2.06
$x 13$	-0.0427^**	-1.98	-0.0195	-0.99	-0.0023	-0.25	0.0660^***	5.02
$x 14$	-0.0242^*	-1.64	0.0547^***	4.10	-0.0024	-0.39	-0.0307^***	-3.43
$x 15$	0.3250	0.94	0.0710^**	2.27	-0.0006	-0.04	-0.0753^***	-3.58
$x 16$	0.0254^**	2.06	-0.0196^*	-1.74	0.0035	0.67	-0.0098	-1.29
cons	0.2218^***	3.72	0.6052^***	11.18	0.0082	0.33	0.2078^***	5.71

表5

参考文献 38

[1]	龙花楼, 陈坤秋. 实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接: 研究框架与展望[J]. 经济地理, 2021, 41(8): 1-9. doi: 10.2307/141854
	[Long Hualou, Chen Kunqiu. Realizing effective connection of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural vitalization: Research framework and prospects[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(8): 1-9.] doi: 10.2307/141854
[2]	赵雪雁, 刘江华, 王伟军, 等. 贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性及生计干预——以陇南山区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 982-995. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.009
	[Zhao Xueyan, Liu Jianghua, Wang Weijun, et al. Livelihood sustainability and livelihood intervention of out-of-poverty farming households in poor mountainous areas: A case of Longnan mountainous area[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(6): 982-995.] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.009
[3]	刘彦随. 中国乡村振兴规划的基础理论与方法论[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1120-1133. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006002
	[Liu Yanshui. The basic theory and methodology of rural revitalization planning in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(6): 1120-1133.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006002
[4]	杨子生, 杨人懿, 刘凤莲. 基于贫困分级的云南省城乡收入差距时空演化与影响因素研究[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(8): 2252-2271. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200783
	[Yang Zisheng, Yang Renyi, Liu Fenglian. Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural income gap in Yunnan Province based on poverty classification[J]. Geographical Research, 2021, 40(8): 2252-2271.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj020200783
[5]	李达, 张绍文. 橡胶主产区农户“橡胶依赖”及其影响因素——基于西双版纳612份胶农调查数据[J]. 热带地理, 2020, 40(6): 1085-1093. doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003290
	[Li Da, Zhang Shaowen. Farms’ “rubber dependence” and influencing factors in major rubber producing areas: Empirical evidence from 612 farm households in Xishuangbanna[J]. Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(6): 1085-1093.] doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003290
[6]	刘倩, 蒋金秀, 杨星, 等. 农户贫困脆弱性测度及其影响因素——基于秦巴山区的实证分析[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(2): 307-324. doi: 10.11821/dlyj020201156
	[Liu Qian, Jiang Jinxiu, Yang Xing, et al. Poverty vulnerability measurement and its impact factors of farmers: Based on the empirical analysis in Qinba Mountains[J]. Geographical Research, 2022, 41(2): 307-324.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj020201156
[7]	郭远智, 刘彦随. 中国乡村发展进程与乡村振兴路径[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(6): 1408-1421. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202106007
	[Guo Yuanzhi, Liu Yansui. The process of rural development and paths for rural revitalization in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(6): 1408-1421.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb202106007
[8]	周强. 精准扶贫政策的减贫绩效与收入分配效应研究[J]. 中国农村经济, 2021(5): 38-59.
	[Zhou Qiang. Poverty reduction performance and income distribution effect of targeted poverty alleviation policies[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2021(5): 38-59.]
[9]	蔡进, 禹洋春, 邱继勤. 国家精准扶贫政策对贫困农户脱贫增收的效果评价——基于双重差分模型的检验[J]. 人文地理, 2019, 34(2): 90-96.
	[Cai Jin, Yu Yangchun, Qiu Jiqin. Evaluation on effect of national accurate poverty alleviation policy on rural poor households: Based on double difference model[J]. Human Geography, 2019, 34(2): 90-96.]
[10]	郑子青, 郑功成. 消除贫困: 中国奇迹与中国经验[J]. 中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报, 2021, 25(2): 39-48.
	[Zheng Ziqing, Zheng Gongcheng. Eliminating poverty: Chinese miracle and experience[J]. Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the C.P.C, 2021, 25(2): 39-48.]
[11]	赵志卿, 杨海娟, 李飞, 等. 农户收入结构差异归因及优化路径选择研究[J]. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 48(6): 893-901, 914.
	[Zhao Zhiqing, Yang Haijuan, Li Fei, et al. The influence factors and optimization path of households’ income structure[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 48(6): 893-901, 914.]
[12]	张二申, 乔家君, 周亚娟, 等. 易地扶贫搬迁户收入结构差异归因及优化路径[J]. 经济地理, 2022, 42(1): 144-151.
	[Zhang Ershen, Qiao Jiajun, Zhou Yajuan, et al. Causes of income structure difference and its optimized path for the relocated farmers of poverty alleviation[J]. Economic Geography, 2022, 42(1): 144-151.]
[13]	程名望, 史清华, Jin Yanhong. 农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素——基于全国农村固定观察点微观数据的实证分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2014, 31(5): 3-19.
	[Cheng Mingwang, Shi Qinghua, Jin Yanhong. Incomes level, structure and its causes[J]. The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics, 2014, 31(5): 3-19.]
[14]	Koen C, Kees G, Wang C. Antipoverty effects of various social transfers and income taxes across countries[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2020, 154(3): 1055-1076.] doi: 10.1007/s11205-020-02572-9
[15]	侯庆丰, 蒋志荣. 精准扶贫对黄河上游地区农牧民可持续生计的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(3): 858-866.
	[Hou Qingfeng, Jiang Zhirong. Effects of targeted poverty alleviation on the sustainable livelihood of farmers and herdsmen in the upper reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3): 858-866.]
[16]	刘卫柏, 于晓媛, 袁鹏举. 产业扶贫对民族地区贫困农户生计策略和收入水平的影响[J]. 经济地理, 2019, 39(11): 175-182.
	[Liu Weibo, Yu Xiaoyuan, Yuan Pengju. The impact of industrial poverty alleviation on livelihood strategies and income levels of poor farmers in ethnic areas[J]. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(11): 175-182.]
[17]	陈驰蕊, 何峰, 汤放华. 情感地理视角下脱贫村农户情感重构——以湖南省十八洞村为例[J]. 热带地理, 2022, 42(4): 579-591. doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003459
	[Chen Chirui, He Feng, Tang Fanghua. Emotional reconstruction of farmers in poverty-alleviated villages from the perspective of emotional geography: A case study of Shibadong Village in Hunan Province[J]. Tropical Geography, 2022, 42(4): 579-591.] doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003459
[18]	郭倩, 廖和平, 王子羿, 等. 秦巴山区村域稳定脱贫测度及返贫防控风险识别——以重庆市城口县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(2): 232-244. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.02.005
	[Li Jing, Liao Heping, Wang Ziyi, et al. Measurement of rural poverty alleviation sustainability and return-to-poverty risk identification in Qinling-Bashan Mountains: A case study of Chengkou County, Chongqing Municipality[J]. Progress in Geography, 2021, 40(2): 232-244.] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.02.005
[19]	刘澹远, 陈始发. 公共性扶贫资源配置对农村贫困人口获得感的影响——基于贵州省国定贫困县的实证研究[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(9): 168-175.
	[Liu Danyuan, Chen Shifa. The public resources allocation impact of poverty alleviation on “the sense of gain” of the rural poor population: Based on the national poverty counties in Guizhou Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(9): 168-175.]
[20]	张仲伍, 杨德刚, 张月芹. 山西省农民收入与工业的灰色关联度分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2010, 33(4): 644-650.
	[Zhang Zhongwu, Yang Degang, Zhang Yueqin. Grey relation between farmers’income and industry of Shanxi Province in 1998—2007[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2010, 33(4): 644-650.]
[21]	杨晶, 丁士军. 农村产业融合视角下的农户收入结构差异分析及其政策含义——来自湖北微观调查的证据[J]. 西部论坛, 2019, 29(4): 97-108.
	[Yang Jing, Ding Shijun. Research on the difference of farmers’ income structure and policy implication based on the background of rural industry integration: Evidence from Hubei rural household survey[J]. West Forum, 2019, 29(4): 97-108.]
[22]	孙健武, 高军波, 马志飞, 等. 不同地理环境下“空间贫困陷阱”分异机制比较——基于大别山与黄土高原的实证[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(2): 650-659.
	[Sun Jianwu, Gao Junbo, Ma Zhifei, et al. Comparison of spatial poverty trap formation mechanisms in different geographical environments: A case of Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 650-659.]
[23]	王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器: 原理与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1): 116-134. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201701010
	[Wang Jinfeng, Xu Chengdong. Geodetector: Principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 116-134.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201701010
[24]	辛龙, 孙慧, 王慧, 等. 基于地理探测器的绿色经济效率时空分异及驱动力研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(9): 128-138.
	[Xin Long, Sun Hui, Wang Hui, et al. Research on the spatial-temporal differentiation and driving forces of green economic efficiency based on geographic detectors[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(9): 128-138.]
[25]	周华林, 李雪松. Tobit模型估计方法与应用[J]. 经济学动态, 2012(5): 105-119.
	[Zhou Hualin, Li Xuesong. Tobit model estimation method and application[J]. Economic Developments, 2012(5): 105-119.]
[26]	黄馨亿, 任向宁, 马涛, 等. 地理探测器与Tobit模型在粤西地区粮食生产效率及影响因子分析中的比较应用[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2020, 37(6): 818-828.
	[Huang Xinyi, Ren Xiangning, Ma Tao, et al. Comparative application of geographical detector and Tobit model in analysis of grain production efficiency in the western Guangdong region and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2020, 37(6): 818-828.]
[27]	袁俊林, 聂凤英. 农民合作社减贫、增收效应与异质性分析——基于中国西部贫困地区农户调研数据[J/OL]. 中国农业资源与区划. [2022-04-17]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3513.S.20210601.1232.003.html.
	[Yuan Junlin, Nie Fengying. Farmers’ cooperatives alleviation, income increase effect and heterogeneity analysis: Based on the survey data of rural households in poor areas of western China[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning. [2022-04-17]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3513.S.20210601.1232.003.html.]
[28]	史博丽, 齐顾波, 燕艳华, 等. 乡土文化视角下的贫困治理遭遇与对策——以河南省Z村的贫困治理案例为例[J/OL]. 中国农业资源与区划. [2022-04-17]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3513.S.20210713.1704.040.html.
	[Shi Boli, Qi Gubo, Yan Yanhua, et al. Poverty management experience and countermeasures from the perspective of local culture: Taking Z village in Henan Province as an example[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning. [2022-04-17]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3513.S.20210713.1704.040.html.]
[29]	胡振通, 王亚华. 公益岗位互助扶贫模式助力脱贫攻坚战: 基于山东乐陵的实地调研[J]. 农业经济问题, 2019(10): 121-131.
	[Hu Zhentong, Wang Yahua. Pattern of public welfare jobs for mutual aid help to advance the campaign of poverty alleviation: Based on the field research in Laoling City in Shandong Province[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2019(10): 121-131.]
[30]	罗静, 吴甜甜. 重庆市基础教育扶贫效果测算及资源空间布局优化策略研究[J]. 重庆师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2021(3): 80-92.
	[Luo Jing, Wu Tiantian. Research on the poverty alleviation effect and the optimization strategy of basic education resources spatial layout[J]. Journal of Chongqing Normal University Edition of Social Sciences, 2021(3): 80-92.]
[31]	李佳欣, 吕德宏. 精准扶贫贷款对农户收入的影响及渠道差异[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2020, 39(5): 133-137, 144.
	[Li Jiaxin, Lü Dehong. Impact of targeted poverty alleviation loan on farmers’ income growth and channel differences[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2020, 39(5): 133-137, 144.]
[32]	高志刚, 苟红霞, 陈静. 新疆南疆深度贫困区减贫满意度调查分析[J]. 新疆大学学报(哲学·人文社会科学版), 2020, 48(5): 1-12.
	[Gao Zhigang, Gou Hongxia, Chen Jing. Satisfaction on poverty reduction in deep poverty areas in southern Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Xinjiang University (Philosophy, Humanities & Social Science Edition), 2020, 48(5): 1-12.]
[33]	李聪, 刘若鸿, 许晏君. 易地扶贫搬迁、生计资本与农户收入不平等——来自陕南的证据[J]. 农业技术经济, 2019(7): 52-67.
	[Li Cong, Liu Ruohong, Xu Yanjun. Relocation for poverty alleviation, rural households’livelihood capital and income inequality: Evidence from the southern Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2019(7): 52-67.]
[34]	梁坤丽. 中国居民代际收入持续性的群体差异比较[J]. 统计与决策, 2021, 37(1): 50-54.
	[Liang Kunli. Group difference comparison of Chinese residents’ intergenerational income continuity[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2021, 37(1): 50-54.]
[35]	左停, 李泽峰, 林秋香. 相对贫困视角下的贫困户脱贫质量及其自我发展能力——基于六个国家级贫困县建档立卡数据的定量分析[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2021(2): 32-44, 205.
	[Zuo Ting, Li Zefeng, Lin Qiuxiang. The quality of poverty elimination and self-development ability of poor households from the perspective of relative poverty: A quantitative analysis based on the data of six state-level poverty-stricken counties[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2021(2): 32-44, 205.]
[36]	宁光杰, 雒蕾, 齐伟. 我国转型期居民财产性收入不平等成因分析[J]. 经济研究, 2016, 51(4): 116-128, 187.
	[Ning Guangjie, Luo Lei, Qi Wei. Study on the contributing factors of property income inequality[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016, 51(4): 116-128, 187.]
[37]	周扬, 郭远智, 刘彦随. 中国县域贫困综合测度及2020年后减贫瞄准[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(8): 1478-1493. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201808007
	[Zhou Yang, Guo Yuanzhi, Liu Yansui. Comprehensive measurement of county poverty and anti-poverty targeting after 2020 in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(8): 1478-1493.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201808007
[38]	汤青, 李扬, 陈明星, 等. 半城镇化农民可持续生计与农村可持续发展——理论框架、研究进展及未来展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(8): 1022-1030. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.002
	[Tang Qing, Li Yang, Chen Mingxing, et al. Sustainable livelihoods of semi-urbanized farmers and sustainable rural development: Theoretical framework, research progress and future prospect[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(8): 1022-1030.] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.002

年份	结构类型	平均值	最大值	最小值	极差
2015	经营性收入	0.263	1.906	0.000	1.906
	工资性收入	0.437	5.700	0.000	5.700
	财产性收入	0.029	7.000	0.000	7.000
	转移性收入	0.446	0.900	0.000	0.900
	家庭总收入	1.175	7.000	0.060	6.940
2020	经营性收入	1.131	6.400	0.000	6.400
	工资性收入	2.662	16.800	0.000	16.800
	财产性收入	0.371	11.000	0.000	11.000
	转移性收入	1.069	6.320	0.000	6.320
	家庭总收入	5.233	18.559	0.541	18.017

结构类型	2015年收入平均值/10⁴元	2015年各类收入占比/%	2020年收入平均值/10⁴元	2020年各类收入占比/%
经营性收入	0.263	22.38	1.131	21.61
工资性收入	0.437	37.19	2.662	50.87
财产性收入	0.029	2.47	0.371	7.09
转移性收入	0.446	37.96	1.069	20.43
家庭总收入	1.175	100.00	5.233	100.00