新疆重点生态功能区生态补偿的空间选择研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.02.27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生态补偿空间选择的基本原理,从区域范畴、资金分配、生态价值3个方面,解析了新疆重点生态功能区的基本特征,并利用“效益成本比瞄准”法、“生态补偿优先等级”法定量分析新疆生态补偿优先等级。结果表明：“生态补偿优先等级”中,新疆生态补偿优先等级与转移支付资金分配基本一致,因忽略环境因素,使得优先补偿等级未获得充分的生态转移支付资金;“效益成本比瞄准”法中,因忽略民生因素和环境因素,新疆生态补偿优先等级与转移支付资金呈现不对等关系,但这一方法,能更好地解读后期生态补偿的区域选择。在分配转移支付资金时,应综合环境、民生因素,均衡生态补偿优先等级与转移支付资金,提高转移支付资金的使用效率,推进新疆生态环境持续优化。

关键词: 生态补偿, 生态功能区, 空间选择, 新疆

Abstract:

Located in northwest China, 59 key eco-functional areas of Xinjiang occupy an area of 1.16 million square kilometers at national and provincial levels. By 2019, some of these eco-functional areas showed signs of ecological degradation because the environment is vulnerable and the concentration of economy and population is low, posing a grievous threat to the environmental security of Xinjiang and China as a whole. Therefore, a study of the ecological compensation in key eco-functional areas in Xinjiang is vital to the preservation and recovery of the environment and promotion of sustainable economic and social models in Xinjiang. Based on the principle of spatial selection of ecological compensation, the goal of this study was to identify and interpret the basic characteristics of the key eco-functional areas in Xinjiang from the perspective of regional category, the distribution of capital, and the ecological value of the resource. Quantitative methods of “benefit-cost ratio targeting” and “priority of ecological compensation” were used to analyze the priority scales of ecological compensation in Xinjiang. The results show that the priority of ecological compensation in Xinjiang is consistent with the allocation of transfer payment funds provided by the analysis of “priority of ecological compensation”. Due to neglect of environmental factors, the priority of ecological compensation was presented with an inadequate ecological transfer payment. In the “benefit-cost ratio targeting” analysis, without considering livelihood and environmental factors, the priority of ecological compensation in Xinjiang was inconsistent with the transfer payment. However, the latter analysis can still help us understand the spatial choice of ecological compensation area in the ensuing period. When allocating transfer payment funds, environmental and livelihood factors should balance the priority of ecological compensation and transfer payment funds and improve the efficiency of transfer payment funds so as to promote a sustainable and optimal ecological environment in Xinjiang.

Key words: ecological compensation, ecological functional areas, spatial selection, Xinjiang

孙郧峰,仇韪,范经云. 新疆重点生态功能区生态补偿的空间选择研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(2): 565-573.

SUN Yunfeng,QIU Wei,FAN Jingyun. Spatial selection of ecological compensation in key ecological functional areas of Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2): 565-573.

图/表 5

图1

表1

2018年新疆68市县生态系统服务价值"

市县	市场价值	非市场价值	生态系统服务总价值	市县	市场价值	非市场价值	生态系统服务总价值
伊宁县	20.02	243.00	263.02	沙雅县	57.25	748.45	805.69
察布查尔锡伯自治县	12.74	103.84	116.57	塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县	12.17	247.19	259.36
霍城县	12.66	163.46	176.12	阿瓦提县	11.47	86.51	97.97
巩留县	20.32	216.27	236.59	柯坪县	13.47	149.10	162.57
新源县	27.66	321.67	349.34	阿克陶县	26.28	333.40	359.68
昭苏县	30.63	351.08	381.72	阿合奇县	24.96	367.72	392.68
特克斯县	25.31	292.30	317.61	乌恰县	4.61	49.50	54.10
尼勒克县	25.09	241.07	266.15	疏附县	10.24	97.53	107.78
阿勒泰市	5.16	85.62	90.78	疏勒县	6.88	66.31	73.18
布尔津县	42.70	532.06	574.76	英吉沙县	7.67	78.31	85.98
富蕴县	158.23	2134.51	2292.74	泽普县	5.93	53.28	59.21
福海县	46.74	678.67	725.41	莎车县	21.48	169.41	190.90
哈巴河县	43.70	365.65	409.34	叶城县	28.40	355.71	384.11
青河县	4.71	56.69	61.39	麦盖提县	14.81	172.70	187.52
吉木乃县	13.39	137.62	151.01	岳普湖县	7.72	87.18	94.90
博乐市	7.37	63.91	71.28	伽师县	15.06	165.53	180.59
阿拉山口市	0.14	1.02	1.15	巴楚县	30.88	393.26	424.15
精河县	17.21	230.53	247.74	乌什县	4.30	62.36	66.66
温泉县	19.37	222.20	241.57	和田县	11.05	178.93	189.97
塔城市	12.48	102.93	115.41	墨玉县	21.84	720.15	741.99
乌苏市	14.64	178.17	192.81	皮山县	15.31	229.46	244.77
额敏县	24.20	310.21	334.42	洛浦县	12.38	173.78	186.16
托里县	6.16	70.34	76.50	策勒县	15.82	226.61	242.44
裕民县	15.71	205.82	221.53	于田县	40.14	529.39	569.52
玛纳斯县	20.89	261.85	282.74	民丰县	10.97	189.99	200.96
木垒哈萨克自治县	39.36	735.01	774.37	巴里坤哈萨克自治县	46.77	794.25	841.02
图木舒克市	27.71	421.76	449.47	喀什市	2.82	58.10	60.92
若羌县	75.65	962.98	1038.64	和田市	2.84	23.90	26.73
且末县	85.20	1524.75	1609.95	阿图什市	21.38	219.73	241.11
和硕县	52.21	472.12	524.33	阿克苏市	34.36	352.48	386.84
和静县	75.38	1518.65	1594.03	尉犁县	39.25	482.46	521.72
焉耆回族自治县	4.39	44.58	48.97	和布克赛尔蒙古自治县	49.61	836.41	886.01
博湖县	7.30	332.44	339.74	伊吾县	20.38	330.03	350.41
温宿县	44.06	894.64	938.69	吉木萨尔县	22.71	304.19	326.90

表1

图2

图3

表2

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生态补偿优先级		潜在补偿区	次级补偿区	优先补偿区	总计
总计	市县数量	23	29	16	68
	资金总量/10⁴元	129819	197561	106729	434109
	比重/%	30	45.5	24.6	100
	平均资金量/10⁴元	5644.3	6812.4	6670.6	6384
重点生态功能区	市县数量	21	24	14	59
	资金总量/10⁴元	122850	179291	105593	407734
	比重/%	30.1	45.1	26.5	100
	平均资金量/10⁴元	5850	7470.5	7542.4	6741.3
非重点生态功能区	市县数量	2	5	2	9
	资金总量/10⁴元	6969	18270	1136	26375
	比重/%	26.4	69.3	4.3	100
	平均资金量/10⁴元	3484.5	3654	568	2930.6