基于生态系统服务供需匹配的西北地区生态管理分区

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.552

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准确识别生态系统服务供给与需求的空间特征，划定生态管理分区，对指导区域生态系统管理和恢复具有重要意义。聚焦于西北整体生态系统，从水-能源-粮食协同发展角度，量化了2000—2022年西北地区产水服务、固碳服务、粮食的供给和需求的空间匹配特征，依据供需匹配盈余情况和可持续特征划定生态管理分区。结果表明：（1）西北地区各项生态系统服务供需空间匹配状况不同，产水、粮食服务的供需呈波动上升态势或维持稳定；固碳服务需求增长，供给和供需比均为下降态势，供需匹配逐渐失衡。（2）粮食生产服务多为可持续发展型，产水服务、固碳服务多为不可持续型。（3）分类管理生态分区，兼顾自然和人类福祉，提升生态系统服务供给。研究结果可为西北地区基础资源合理配置、生态系统服务精准管理提供科学参考。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 供需匹配, 生态管理分区, 西北地区

Abstract:

Accurately identifying the spatial characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand, as well as delineating ecological management zones, is crucial for guiding regional ecosystem management and restoration efforts. This study focuses on the overall ecosystem of northwest China, quantifying the spatial matching of water production, carbon sequestration, and food services from 2000 to 2022 using the water-energy-food nexus as a framework. Ecological management zones are delineated based on the surplus and sustainable characteristics that align supply with demand. The results indicate that (1) The spatial matching of supply and demand for ecosystem services in northwest China varies. Specifically, the supply and demand for water production and food services either fluctuate or remain stable, whereas the demand for carbon sequestration services increases. This rise in demand, coupled with declining supply and demand-supply ratios, leads to a gradual imbalance in matching supply and demand. (2) Food production services are primarily sustainable, whereas water production and carbon sequestration services tend to be unsustainable. (3) Classification and management of ecological zones that consider both ecological and human well-being are necessary, with the aim of enhancing the supply of ecosystem services. The findings of this study provide valuable scientific insights into the rational allocation of basic resources and the precise management of ecosystem services in northwest China.

Key words: ecosystem services, supply-demand match, ecological management zoning, northwest China

李智, 苏洋, 舒芹. 基于生态系统服务供需匹配的西北地区生态管理分区[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(6): 1115-1126.

LI Zhi, SU Yang, SHU Qin. Static-dynamic matching of ecosystem service supply and demand and ecological management zoning in northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(6): 1115-1126.

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数据类型	空间分辨率	数据来源
土地利用数据	30 m	杨杰、黄昕教授发布的中国30 m土地利用数据集（https://zenodo.org/records/8176941）
归一化植被指数（NDVI）	1 km	NASA地球数据MOD13A3数据集（https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search）
高程	500 m	全球海陆数据库（GEBCO）（http://www.gebco.net/）
夜间灯光数据	500 m	文献^[23]
气象数据	1 km	国家青藏高原科学数据中心
土壤数据	1 km	世界土壤数据库（HWSD）
人口密度	1 km	LandScan数据集（https://landscan.ornl.gov）
GDP数据	1 km	资源环境科学与数据中心
社会经济数据	-	研究区相关统计年鉴、水资源公报、中国能源统计年鉴

年份	产水服务			固碳服务			粮食服务
年份	供给/m³·hm^-2	需求/m³·hm^-2	供需指数	供给/t·hm^-2	需求/t·hm^-2	供需指数	供给/t·hm^-2	需求/t·hm^-2	供需指数
2000	656.86	260.78	0.72	39.33	1.03	0.95	0.10	0.04	0.43
2005	820.14	269.85	0.75	39.61	1.25	0.94	0.11	0.03	0.57
2010	832.72	275.52	0.75	40.02	3.21	0.85	0.13	0.03	0.63
2015	622.54	291.27	0.68	40.14	3.21	0.85	0.15	0.03	0.67
2020	815.37	282.17	0.74	39.86	5.25	0.77	0.16	0.03	0.68