生态系统服务权衡协同下的甘肃省生态功能分区优化

摘要/Abstract

图/表 12

参考文献 26

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.319

摘要：

以西北生态脆弱区甘肃省为研究对象，基于自然地理和社会经济数据，运用InVEST模型、CASA模型和ArcGIS空间分析等方法分析甘肃省生态服务功能及其权衡协同关系，探讨权衡协同关系下生态功能分区的优化方案。结果表明：（1） 2000—2020年，由于退耕还林等大规模生态建设工程促使甘肃省生态功能较强的林地、草地、河流水面、湖泊水面等地类增加，固碳量、生境质量、土壤保持和产水量4种生态服务均呈现出波动上升趋势。（2）权衡协同关系中，生境质量-产水量、固碳量-产水量、土壤保持-生境质量表现为中等协同关系，土壤保持-固碳量、土壤保持-产水量、生境质量-固碳量表现为强协同关系。（3）利用K-means聚类将甘肃省划分为经济-文化发展区、生境质量-固碳优先区、土壤保持-固碳优先区、生物多样-土壤保持区、水土综合保育区和生态服务综合保育区6种生态分区，将权衡协同关系纳入生态系统服务簇分区优化，需优化区占全省面积的3.07%。通过综合分析生态服务相似性和差异性，形成生态系统服务簇后充分考虑其分区内部的权衡协同关系，对传统生态分区进行优化调整，提出增强协同、缓解权衡的空间差异化治理措施。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 生态分区, 权衡协同, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Using physical geographic and socioeconomic data, we analyzed the ecological service functions and their trade-off synergistic relationship in Gansu Province, which is an ecologically fragile area in northwest China. We explored the optimization of ecological function zoning under a trade-off synergistic relationship by applying the InVEST model, CASA model, and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results were as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, because of large-scale ecological construction projects, such as the return of farmland to forests, the ecological functions of Gansu Province (e.g., forest land, grassland, river water surface, and lake water surface) increased, and four kinds of ecological services (i.e., carbon sequestration, habitat quality, soil retention, and water production) showed fluctuating upward trends. (2) In the trade-off synergistic relationship, the habitat quality-water production, carbon sequestration-water production, soil retention-habitat quality, and carbon sequestration-water production showed medium to high levels of ecological services. Habitat quality-soil conservation showed moderate synergistic relationships, whereas soil conservation-carbon sequestration, soil conservation-water yield, and habitat quality-carbon sequestration showed strong synergistic relationships. (3) On the basis of K-means clustering, Gansu Province was divided into six ecological zones: economic-cultural development zone, habitat quality-carbon sequestration priority zone, soil conservation-carbon sequestration priority zone, biodiversity-soil conservation zone, soil and water conservation zone, and ecological services conservation zone. The trade-off synergistic relationships were incorporated in the optimization of ecosystem service cluster zoning, and the area to be optimized accounted for 3.07% of the province’s area. By comprehensively analyzing the similarities and differences of ecosystem services and forming ecosystem service clusters with full consideration of the trade-off synergistic relationship within zones, the traditional ecological zoning was optimized and adjusted, and spatially differentiated governance measures were proposed to enhance synergies and mitigate trade-offs.

Key words: ecosystem services, ecological zoning, trade-offs and synergies, Gansu Province

李潇飞, 龚健, 叶菁, 方鸿嘉, 张世镇, 林家胜. 生态系统服务权衡协同下的甘肃省生态功能分区优化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(3): 467-479.

LI Xiaofei, GONG Jian, YE Jing, FANG Hongjia, ZHANG Shizhen, LIN Jiasheng. Optimization of ecological function zoning in Gansu Province under the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(3): 467-479.

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数据类型	数据来源	数据尺度/m
土地利用类型	Landcover欧航局（http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/）	1000
土壤数据	世界土壤数据库（HWSD）	1000
高程数据	地理空间数据云（http://www.gscloud.cn/）	1000
气象数据	青藏高原数据科学中心	1000
统计年鉴	国家统计局	-
基础地理数据	国家地理信息中心（http://www.ngcc. cn/ngcc/）	-

相关系数（r）	显著性	权衡协同关系
r>0	P<0.05	极显著协同
r>0	0.05<P<0.10	显著协同
r>0	P>0.10	不显著协同
r<0	P<0.05	极显著权衡
r<0	0.05<P<0.10	显著权衡
r<0	P>0.10	不显著权衡
r=0	P=1.00	未变化区域

生态服务类型	反持续显著减少	持续显著减少	反持续显著增加	持续显著增加	反持续未显著变化	持续未显著变化
生境质量	42.02	25.10	0.42	4.25	22.66	5.55
固碳量	0.58	9.05	2.86	26.75	12.12	48.64
土壤保持	0.00	0.19	2.14	33.83	40.34	23.50
产水量	0.17	0.85	5.78	29.81	47.94	15.45

年份	土壤保持- 生境质量	土壤保持- 固碳量	土壤保持- 产水量	生境质量- 固碳量	生境质量- 产水量	固碳量- 产水量
2000	0.503^**	0.580^**	0.537^**	0.855^**	0.399^**	0.325^**
2005	0.485^**	0.564^**	0.606^**	0.857^**	0.412^**	0.329^**
2010	0.488^**	0.567^**	0.578^**	0.857^**	0.389^**	0.315^**
2015	0.476^**	0.569^**	0.523^**	0.857^**	0.334^**	0.270^**
2020	0.455^**	0.547^**	0.639^**	0.865^**	0.406^**	0.371^**
均值	0.481	0.565	0.577	0.858	0.388	0.322
类型	中等相关	强相关	强相关	强相关	中等相关	中等相关

服务簇	生境质量	土壤保持/t·km^-2	产水量/mm	固碳量/g C·m^-2	主导功能	分区类型	权衡关系限制
C1	0.30	29.78	1.94	11.7	文化功能	经济-文化发展区	无
C2	0.82	251.59	3.10	107.9	生境质量、固碳量	生境质量-固碳优先区	生境质量-固碳量
C3	0.40	1043.43	15.44	457.7	土壤保持、固碳量	土壤保持-固碳优先区	土壤保持-固碳量
C4	0.92	2319.67	55.65	593.2	土壤保持、生境质量、固碳量	生物多样-土壤保持区	土壤保持-生境质量
C5	0.75	2616.19	204.68	324.8	产水量、土壤保持	水土综合保育区	土壤保持-产水量
C6	0.86	10481.80	98.08	637.9	土壤保持、生境质量、固碳量、产水量	生态服务综合保育区	无