中国省域旅游效率时空演变特征及影响因素研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.157

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国旅游业发展不平衡不充分的问题仍然突出，明晰旅游效率时空演变特征及其驱动力对于提高旅游效率，推动区域旅游业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于数据包络分析模型测评了2009—2019年31个省域（不含港澳台）的旅游业发展效率，采用空间自相关、冷热点分析和回归模型对中国省级单元旅游效率的时空演变特征及影响因素开展了分析。结果表明：（1） 2009—2019年中国旅游业效率整体呈现稳步上升趋势，各项效率水平在空间分布上差异明显，空间集聚特征逐渐强化，旅游增长方式正由粗放型向集约化发展转型。（2）中国省域旅游业发展效率存在明显的空间正相关，旅游业发展效率的平均综合效率、平均纯技术效率与平均规模效率在局部空间上呈现“南热北冷”的空间格局。（3）旅游业综合效率受旅游资源质量的正向驱动作用最强，纯技术效率主要受交通可达性的正向影响，而旅游业发展质量是规模效率的主要正向影响因素。（4）丰富旅游产品业态、健全区域旅游合作机制、优化旅游产业结构等是提升中国省域旅游业发展效率的重要途径。研究结果可为制定区域旅游协同发展战略和实现旅游业高质量发展提供理论依据和实践范式。

关键词: 旅游效率, 数据包络分析, 空间分异, 影响因素, 省域尺度, 中国

Abstract:

The issue of imbalanced and insufficient development in China’s tourism industry remains prominent. Clarifying the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of tourism efficiency is crucial for enhancing efficiency and promoting the high-quality development of regional tourism. Using the data envelopment analysis model, this study assesses the tourism development efficiency of 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions) from 2009 to 2019. It employs spatial autocorrelation, cold and hot spot analysis, and regression models to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and factors influencing China’s provincial unit tourism efficiency. The research reveals the following: (1) Between 2009 and 2019, China’s tourism industry efficiency exhibited a steady upward trend. Significant differences in the spatial distribution of various efficiency levels were observed, with strengthening spatial agglomeration characteristics. The tourism growth mode is transitioning from extensive to intensive development. (2) There is a notable spatial positive correlation in the development efficiency of China’s provincial tourism industry. The average comprehensive efficiency, average pure technical efficiency, and average scale efficiency of tourism industry development exhibit a spatial pattern of “hot in the south and cold in the north” at the local level. (3) The comprehensive efficiency of the tourism industry is strongly influenced by the quality of tourism resources. Pure technical efficiency is primarily affected by the positive impact of transportation reachability, while the quality of tourism development is the main positive impact factor of scale efficiency. (4) Enriching tourism product formats, improving regional tourism cooperation mechanisms, and optimizing the tourism industry structure emerge as crucial strategies for enhancing the development efficiency of China’s provincial tourism industry. The research findings provide a theoretical basis and practical paradigm for formulating regional tourism collaborative development strategies and achieving the high-quality development of the tourism industry.

Key words: tourism efficiency, data envelopment analysis, spatial differentiation, influencing factors, provincial scale, China

徐晓亮, 黄丹, 刘旭义, 关靖云. 中国省域旅游效率时空演变特征及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(12): 2052-2060.

XU Xiaoliang, HUANG Dan, LIU Xuyi, GUAN Jingyun. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of provincial tourism efficiency in China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(12): 2052-2060.

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评价内容	指标类型	指标类别	指标名称
旅游业发展效率	投入指标	资本要素投入	旅游固定资产投资/10⁴元
			星级酒店数量/家
			旅行社数量/家
			旅游资源禀赋
		劳动力要素投入	旅游企业从业人员/10⁴人
	产出指标	效率产出	旅游总收入/10⁸元
	产出指标	效率产出	旅游接待人次/10⁴人

统计量	2009年			2014年			2019年
统计量	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	综合效率	纯技术效率	规模效率
Moran’s I值	0.245	0.217	0.171	0.258	0.184	0.225	0.310	0.170	0.400
P值	0.009	0.020	0.031	0.007	0.046	0.004	0.003	0.009	0.000

影响因素	旅游业综合效率	旅游业纯技术效率	旅游业规模效率
区域经济发展水平	0.381^***	0.104^**	0.259^**
旅游资源质量	0.479^***	0.056	0.325^***
旅游业发展质量	0.460^***	0.132^***	0.378^***
交通可达性	0.176^***	0.167^***	0.040