金沙江干热河谷不同植被坡面土壤水分时空分布特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.01.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2016年7~12月和2017年4月的旱、雨季期间，以金沙江干热河谷苴那小流域内的银合欢（Leucaena Benth）林地、车桑子（Dodonaea angustifolia）灌丛地和扭黄茅（Heteropogon cantortus）草地为研究对象，通过网格法和土钻法采集并测定了（0~100 cm）土层的土壤含水量，应用经典统计法和地统计学方法分析该区域不同林草植被下坡面土壤水分的动态变化特征。结果表明：（1）研究区土壤含水量总体较低，雨季显著大于旱季，旱、雨季均表现为灌丛地>草地>林地，呈中度至强度变异（0.07~0.28之间）。（2）不同林草植被下旱、雨季土壤水分具有相似的空间自相关性，自相关系数均由正向负转变，但由正向负转变的滞后距离有所不同，且雨季大于旱季，呈中等或强等空间自相关性。（3）不同林草植被下的土壤水分空间结构不同，林地、灌丛地和草地旱雨季最佳拟合模型均为球状模型；相同林草植被下各土层旱、雨季土壤水分的空间分布特征相似，但旱季的分布格局差异更显著，不同林草植被下深层土壤水分分布比表层土壤水分的分布更为复杂，土壤水分呈明显的斑块或条带状分布，含水量高值区和低值区位置不固定。总之不同林草植被类型会改变局部地段土壤水分空间分布，降雨会加强这种差异的趋势，但土壤水分仍具一定空间连续性。

关键词: 干热河谷, 土壤水分, 时空分布, 植被, 地统计学

Abstract: In order to explore the influence of typical forest grass vegetation on soil moisture change on sloping land in dry hot valley area, the soil moisture content (within the depth of 0 to 100 cm) were collected and measured using the grid sampling method and soil auger method in the drought season in July to December 2016 and rainy season in April 2017, taking the Leucaena Benth forest land, Dodonaea angustifolia shrub land and Heteropogon cantortus grassland as the research objects in Juna small watershed in Jinsha River of dry-hot valley. The dynamic characteristics of soil moisture under typical forest vegetation in the slope area were analyzed by geostatistics method. The soil moisture content in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha was low (which were 7.44% in the dry season and 9.88% in the rainy season for the forest land; 10.25% and 10.31 respectively for the shrub land; and 5.03% and 10.60% respectively for the grassland), the soil moisture in the rainy season was higher than that in the dry season, and the soil moisture content in the shrub land was bigger than that in the grassland which was bigger than that in the forest land regardless of the dry season or the rainy season, showing a moderate to strong variation (between 0.07 to 0.28). The soil moisture in the hot valley of Jinsha has significant spatial structure and spatial continuity, and the soil moisture had similar spatial autocorrelation regardless of the season (drought season or rainy season) and the land cover (forest or shrub or grass vegetation). All the autocorrelation coefficients went from positive to negative but with a different lagging distance in the transformation and it was bigger in the rainy season than that in the dry season, demonstrating a moderate to strong spatial autocorrelation. The spatial structure of soil moisture was different depending on the types of land cover and this difference was remarkable in the dry season. The moisture distribution in the deep soil was more complex than that in the surface layer, displaying an obvious patched or stripped distribution with unset high water content areas and low water content areas. The best fitting model was the spherical model for the forest land, shrub and grassland. Under the same land cover, the spatial structure of the water content was similar regardless of dry season or rainy season. In short, different type of land cover will change the spatial distribution of soil moisture in the areas and the rainfall will amplify this difference, but soil moisture still has some spatial continuity. Therefore, diverse strategies in the utilization of water resources should be adopted during ecological restoration and vegetation reconstruction in dry-hot valley.

Key words: Dry-hot valley, soil moisture, spatial and temporal variability, vegetation, geostatistics

韩姣姣，段旭，赵洋毅. 金沙江干热河谷不同植被坡面土壤水分时空分布特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(1): 121-129.

HAN Jiao-jiao, DUAN Xu, ZHAO Yang-yi. Spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture on slope land of different vegetation in Jinsha River of Dry-Hot Valley[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(1): 121-129.

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