输水漫溢对塔里木河中游胡杨林恢复的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.213

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 94-102.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.213

输水漫溢对塔里木河中游胡杨林恢复的影响

王振^1,²(),李均力^1,³(),张久丹^1,²,吴浩儒^1,²,郭雪飞⁴

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.新疆遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.塔里木大学生命科学学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2022-05-11 修回日期:2022-07-17 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-21
通讯作者: 李均力（1980-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事遥感信息提取、水资源遥感等方面的研究. E-mail: lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:王振（1995-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区水资源与湖泊变化机理研究. E-mail: wangzhen19@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院创新交叉团队项目(JCTD-2019-20);国家自然科学基金(2003201);第三次新疆综合科学考察(2021XJKK1400);新疆天山创新团队(2020D14016)

Influences of ecological water conveyance on Populus euphratica forest restoration in the middle reaches of Tarim River

WANG Zhen^1,²(),LI Junli^1,³(),ZHANG Jiudan^1,²,WU Haoru^1,²,GUO Xuefei⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Aral 843300, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-05-11 Revised:2022-07-17 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态输水是胡杨林保护专项行动的重要举措，分析输水漫溢对胡杨林恢复的影响是评估生态修复成效的关键。以塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区为研究对象，采用密集时序遥感技术对2016年胡杨林保护专项行动实施以来的生态输水进行动态监测，定量分析漫溢水面和漫溢频次对胡杨林植被盖度变化的影响。结果表明：（1）漫溢水面主要存在于8—9月，年漫溢面积最大为246.7 km²，最小为70.5 km²，在空间分布上呈现北多南少、下游大于上游的格局。（2） 2016—2021年保护区胡杨林植被盖度从18.88%增加至19.61%，其中输水漫溢面占比65%的塔里木河北岸呈增加趋势，而南岸呈减小趋势。（3）输水漫溢区植被盖度的平均增长速率最高可达未输水区的4~5倍，当输水漫溢频次为3次时，植被盖度的增长速率显著提高。

关键词: 塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区, 生态输水, 植被覆盖度, 生态评估

Abstract:

Ecological water conveyance is an important measure in the special action of Populus euphratica forest protection, and the analysis of the effect of submerged irrigation on the restoration of P. euphratica forest is critical for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration. We select the National Nature Reserve of P. euphratica in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, as the study area. Based on dense time-series remote sensing data, NDWI threshold segmentation and human-computer interaction were used to extract the overflowing surface of ecological water conveyance, and the modified maximal gradient difference model was used to retrieve the vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest. Geographical information system spatial analysis and regression analysis were used to dynamically monitor the ecological water conveyance since the implementation of the special action for P. euphratica forest protection in 2016 and quantitatively analyze the impact of the submerged irrigation area and frequency on the restoration of the P. euphratica forest vegetation coverage. The results are as follows: (1) The submerged irrigation area is mainly rising from the end of July to the beginning of August, reaching the maximum overflow area in September. In 2017, the area of ecological water conveyance was the largest, reaching 246.7 km², and the ecological water conveyance force in 2018—2021 was reduced compared with the previous two years. The smallest area in 2020 was 70.5 km². There is a tendency for the spatial distribution to be more in the north and less in the south and for downstream to be greater than upstream. (2) The vegetation coverage of the National Nature Reserve of P. euphratica in Tarim, increased from 18.88% to 19.61% from 2016 to 2021. The north side of the Tarim River with a greater submerged irrigation area shows an increasing trend, whereas the P. euphratica forest on the south side of the Tarim River with less ecological water conveyance still exhibits a degradation trend. (3) The restoration degree of vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest increased significantly with an increase in the ecological water submerged irrigation frequency. When the submerged irrigation frequency exceeded three times, the growth rate of vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest was approximately 0.93%·a^-1-1.11%·a^-1, which was 4-5 times higher than that of the nonecological water conveyance overflow area. This study provides a new idea for the evaluation of ecological water conveyance benefits of the P. euphratica forest and is of great significance for evaluating the effectiveness of the special action of P. euphratica forest protection and developing a more rational water transport strategy.

Key words: National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim, ecological water conveyance, vegetation coverage, ecological assessment

王振, 李均力, 张久丹, 吴浩儒, 郭雪飞. 输水漫溢对塔里木河中游胡杨林恢复的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(1): 94-102.

WANG Zhen, LI Junli, ZHANG Jiudan, WU Haoru, GUO Xuefei. Influences of ecological water conveyance on Populus euphratica forest restoration in the middle reaches of Tarim River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(1): 94-102.

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输水漫溢对塔里木河中游胡杨林恢复的影响

Influences of ecological water conveyance on Populus euphratica forest restoration in the middle reaches of Tarim River

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