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干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1848-1857.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.055

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

石羊河流域荒漠区植被类型、分布和数量特征

郭方君1,2(),马全林1,3(),张锦春2,李得禄2,袁宏波2,陈芳2,魏林源2,张德魁2   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省治沙研究所荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地，甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.甘肃省林业科学研究院，甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-13 修回日期:2023-05-16 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 马全林（1974-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事荒漠生态恢复研究. E-mail: mql925@126.com
  • 作者简介:郭方君（1998-），男，在读硕士，主要从事荒漠植物研究. E-mail: guofangjun9803@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省重点人才项目(2022RCXM039);甘肃省草原生态修复治理科技支撑项目(LCJ20210028);国家自然科学基金项目(32160410);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100203)

Vegetation types, distribution and quantitative characteristics in the desert area of Shiyang River Basin

GUO Fangjun1,2(),MA Quanlin1,3(),ZHANG Jinchun2,LI Delu2,YUAN Hongbo2,CHEN Fang2,WEI Linyuan2,ZHANG Dekui2   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2. Gansu Desert Control Research Institute State Ley Laboratory of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3. Gansu Forestry Scientific Research Institute, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-02-13 Revised:2023-05-16 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-05

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摘要：

石羊河流域荒漠区植被在遏制巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠的合拢及保障区域绿洲生态安全方面发挥着极其重要的作用。为全面掌握石羊河流域荒漠区植被类型、分布及其生存现状，在解译卫片影像基础上，开展了多年实地调查，划分了荒漠植被类型，绘制了植被分布图，分析了典型荒漠植被群落的数量特征，为石羊河流域荒漠植被及其物种多样性保护利用提供依据。结果表明：（1） 石羊河流域荒漠区植被类型较多，有4个植被型组、6个植被型、7个植被亚型、40个植被群系，具有典型的荒漠和草原化荒漠特征。荒漠区植被在流域内的空间分布差异明显，东部流沙分布较广，植被类型较为单一;北部戈壁与沙漠交错分布，植被类型及物种组成相对丰富。（2） 石羊河流域荒漠区植被物种组成较为丰富，有57科255属486种，以温带荒漠植物为主，多年生草本、一年生草本和灌木分别占总物种数的49.59%、25.31%和18.93%，乔木、寄生草本和水生植物数量较少。石羊河流域荒漠区植被层片结构简单，群落建群种常为灌木和半灌木。（3） 石羊河流域典型植物群落优势种的数量特征差异明显，从物种丰富度来看，石羊河流域荒漠区典型植物群落的物种丰富度介于2.1~16.3之间，平均物种数7.6种，以红砂+泡泡刺（Reaumuria songarica+Nitraria sphaerocarpa）群落物种最为丰富，为16.3种;珍珠柴+泡泡刺+尖叶盐爪爪（Caroxylon passerinum+Nitraria sphaerocarpa+Kalidium cuspidatum）群落次之，为14.5种;而白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）群落、合头藜（Sympegma regelii）群落、盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）群落和黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）群落物种数最少分别为2.7种、2.6种、2.1种、2.6种。综上所述，石羊河流域荒漠植被区类型多样，组成物种相对丰富，但群落盖度、物种丰富度和多样性指数较低，因此要加强荒漠植被及其脆弱生境的保护和修复，以维持荒漠生态系统的多样性、稳定性、持续性，充分发挥生态防护功能。

关键词: 植被类型, 群落分布, 物种组成, 物种多样性, 石羊河流域

Abstract:

Desert vegetation within the Shiyang River Basin of China plays an important role in mitigating the convergence of the Badain Jaran and Tengger Deserts. It plays a vital role in maintaining the ecological security of the regional oasis. A comprehensive understanding of the types, distribution, and survival of desert vegetation in the Shiyang River Basin was pursued through a multiyear field survey aided by satellite images. This endeavor classified desert vegetation types, draw vegetation distribution maps, and analyze the quantitative characteristics of typical desert vegetation communities. These findings serve as a basis for the conservation and sustainable use of desert vegetation and its species diversity in the Shiyang River Basin. The study yielded the following key insights: (1) The Shiyang River Basin boasts diverse desert vegetation types, organized into 4 vegetation type groups, 6 vegetation types, 7 vegetation subtypes, and 40 vegetation groups. These exhibit typical desert and steppe desert characteristics. The spatial distribution of desert vegetation within the basin considerably varies. The eastern part predominantly features drifting sands and a homogeneous vegetation type, while the northern part is characterized by a rich distribution of Gobi areas interspersed with different vegetation types and species composition. (2) The species composition of desert vegetation in the Shiyang River Basin is considerably rich, encompassing 486 species in 255 genera of 57 families, mainly consisting of temperate desert plants, perennial herbs, annual herbs, and shrubs, accounting for 49.59%, 25.31%, and 18.93% of the total number of species, respectively. The desert vegetation structure in the Shiyang River Basin is simple, with shrubs and semi-shrubs often serving as community-building species. (3) The number of dominant species within typical plant communities in the Shiyang River Basin varies considerably. These communities exhibit species richness ranging from 2.1 to 16.3, with an average of 7.6 species. The Reaumuria songarica+Nitraria sphaerocarpa community is the richest, with 16.3 species. Following closely is the Caroxylon passerinum+Nitraria sphaerocarpa+Kalidium cuspidatum community, which encompasses 14.5 species. Conversely, the Nitraria tangutorum, Sympegma regelii, Kalidium foliatum, and Artemisia ordosica communities had the lowest number of species, with 2.7, 2.6, 2.1, and 2.6 species, respectively. In summary, the Shiyang River Basin harbors diverse desert vegetation types and a rich variety of constituent species. However, community cover, species richness, and diversity index are low. Therefore, the protection and restoration of desert vegetation and its fragile habitats should be strengthened to maintain the diversity, stability, and sustainability of the desert ecosystem while harnessing its full ecological protection potential.

Key words: vegetation type, community distribution, species composition, species diversity, Shiyang River Basin