近20 a呼和浩特市城市化对植被物候的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.076

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1890-1898.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.076

近20 a呼和浩特市城市化对植被物候的影响

元志辉^1,^2,³(),银山¹,萨楚拉^1,²(),池勇峰³

1.内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022
2.内蒙古师范大学内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022
3.内蒙古乌兰察布市自然资源局，内蒙古乌兰察布 012000

收稿日期:2022-02-28 修回日期:2022-03-24 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-02-01
通讯作者: 萨楚拉（1977-），男，教授，主要从事冰冻圈遥感等方面的研究. E-mail: sachulan@126.com
作者简介:元志辉（1988-），男，博士研究生，主要从事土地覆盖与生态修复等方面的研究. E-mail: zhyuan@mails.imnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41861014);内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金项目(CXJJB21018);内蒙古自治区研究生教育创新计划资助项目(B20210199Z)

Effects of urbanization on vegetation phenology in Hohhot City in the recent 20 years

YUAN Zhihui^1,^2,³(),YIN Shan¹,SA Chula^1,²(),CHI Yongfeng³

1. College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing ＆ Geography Information System, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China
3. The Department of Natural Resources of Ulanqab City, Ulanqab 012000, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2022-02-28 Revised:2022-03-24 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: Chula SA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解植被物候与城市化之间的关系对于认识人类活动对生态系统的影响至关重要。基于呼和浩特市近20 a MODIS的两种植被指数数据，利用动态阈值法提取了植被物候，结合城市化指标，研究了2001—2020年呼和浩特市植被物候对城市化的响应。研究表明：森林和灌木地返青期（Start of growing season，SOS）发生较早（平均值第132 d），但其枯黄期（End of growing season，EOS）也较早（第265 d）。SOS较晚的是耕地（第168 d），EOS较晚的是草地（第275 d），表明研究区木本植物SOS和EOS均早于草本植物。人造地表植被物候年际变化较大，在SOS和EOS的物候变化率分别为每10 a提前4.1 d和推迟0.7 d。此外，以人造地表比率和城乡梯度信息（即从城市核心到周边农村地区的同心环）为城市化指标，探讨了呼和浩特市中心城区植被物候对城市化的响应。研究发现SOS随人造地表比率上升而提前，EOS则出现相反的趋势。从城乡梯度上看，在特定范围内，远离城市中心SOS波动上升，即距城市中心越远植被SOS越晚，而EOS逐渐下降，即距城市中心越远植被EOS越早。总之，不同的城市化指标显示了植被物候对城市化的非线性响应。

关键词: 植被物候, 城市化, 呼和浩特市

Abstract:

It is essential to understand the impact of human activities on ecosystems by analysing the relationship between vegetation phenology and urbanization. In this study, the vegetation phenology of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, China was extracted using a dynamic threshold method based on two vegetation indexes from MODIS in recent 20 years, and the response of vegetation phenology to urbanization in Hohhot City from 2001 to 2020 was investigated using the urbanization index. We found that the start of growing season (SOS) of forests and shrubs occurred earlier (132 days), and the end of growing season (EOS) also occurred earlier (265 days). The later SOS was in crops (168 days), and the later EOS was in grasslands (275 days), indicating that both SOS and EOS of woody plants were earlier than those of herbaceous plants in the study area. The phenological change rate of urban vegetation was 4.1 days earlier and 0.7 days later per decade in SOS and EOS, respectively. In addition, we explored the response of vegetation phenology to urbanization in Hohhot City, using the urban ratio and information about urban-rural gradients (concentric rings from the urban core to surrounding rural areas) as the urbanization indicators. We found that SOS was advanced with an increase in urban ratio, whereas EOS exhibited the opposite trend. From the perspective of the urban-rural gradient within a certain distance, SOS fluctuated, whereas EOS decreased at a distance from urban centres. That is, the farther away from the city center, the later SOS and the earlier EOS. In conclusion, different urbanization indicators reflect the nonlinear response of vegetation phenology to urbanization.

Key words: vegetation phenology, urbanization, Hohhot City

元志辉, 银山, 萨楚拉, 池勇峰. 近20 a呼和浩特市城市化对植被物候的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(6): 1890-1898.

YUAN Zhihui, YIN Shan, SA Chula, CHI Yongfeng. Effects of urbanization on vegetation phenology in Hohhot City in the recent 20 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1890-1898.

图/表 9

图1

表1

两种计算物候方法"

数据	平滑方法	拟合函数	物候提取方法	阈值
NDVI	Gaussian	$N D V I (t) = a + b × e - [(t - c) / d] 2$	动态阈值法	50%振幅
EVI	Timesat	$E V I (t) = (∑ i = - m i = m C i E V I j + i) / N$	动态阈值法	50%振幅

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

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观测物种	观测地点	年份	物候期	平均值/d	文献
新疆杨（Populus alba）、青杨（Populus cathayana）、毛白杨（Populus tomentosa）	呼和浩特市城区及周边地区	2010—2011	展叶盛期（4月末—5月初）	119	[9]
小叶杨（Populus simonii）	呼和浩特市南郊、土默特左旗和武川县	1994—2005	展叶盛期（4月下旬—5月上旬）变色期（10月上旬—10月中旬）	129 279	[21]
车前（Plantago asiatica）	呼和浩特市南郊、土默特左旗和武川县	1994—2005	展叶盛期（4月上旬—4月中旬）枯黄期（9月上旬—10月下旬）	110 279	[21]
垂柳（Salix babylonica）、刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）、华北珍珠梅（Sorbaria kirilowii）、榆叶梅（Amygdalus triloba）	内蒙古大学校园、满都海公园和呼和浩特市树木园	1999—2014	始花期（4月上旬—5月中旬）变色期（9月中旬—10月上旬）	-	[22]
山桃（Prunus davidiana）等20种主要观花树种	内蒙古农业大学东校区	2010	展叶盛期（4月下旬—5月上旬）	-	[23]
紫丁香（Syringa oblata）	内蒙古大学校园、满都海公园和呼和浩特市树木园	1979—2010	展叶盛期落叶期	106 303	[24]
马兰（Kalimeris indicus）	呼和浩特市区、武川县	1982—2007	始花期（5月初—5月下旬）落叶期（10月初—11月上旬）	131 290	[25]

近20 a呼和浩特市城市化对植被物候的影响

Effects of urbanization on vegetation phenology in Hohhot City in the recent 20 years

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