准噶尔盆地西部花粉对植被的指示性研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.437

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于准噶尔盆地西部46个样方的植被调查和表土花粉资料，估算了19种主要花粉类型的联合指数（A）、低代表性指数（U）、超代表性指数（O）、代表性系数（R）、区内无植被出现时某花粉类型百分比的平均值（M_a）、区内有植被出现时某花粉类型百分比的平均值（M_p）、样方花粉组合与植物群落间相似系数（CC），定量描述花粉对植被的指示性。结果表明：第1组包括藜科，A值为1.0，O、U值均为0，R值为12.5，M_p远大于M_a，对植被指示意义明显；第2组包括蒿属和麻黄属，A值在0.1~0.4之间，O值在0.6~0.9之间，U值均为0，R值大于18.5，M_p与M_a相差3.6%~12.1%，对植被具较明显指示意义；第3组包括白刺属、百合科、唇形科、豆科、禾本科、菊科、蓼科、毛茛科、蔷薇科、伞形科、莎草科、十字花科、石竹科、旋花科、荨麻科和紫草科，A值小于0.6，U值在0.2~0.9之间，O值在0.1~1.0之间，R值小于4.0，M_p与M_a相差小于4.9%，对植被指示意义不明。研究结果可为利用化石花粉资料准确恢复古植被提供参考依据。

关键词: 花粉, 植被, 代表性指数, 相似系数, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

Pollen records have been widely employed as a significant proxy to reconstruct paleovegetation distribution as well as its spatiotemporal evolution worldwide. Due to the marked influence of many factors, such as differences among pollen productivity, transportation mode, biological characteristics of plants, climatic condition, and sedimentary environment, the associated relationship between pollen and vegetation has been shown to be fairly complicated in different regions. As a result, the information regarding the plant community reflected by the pollen assemblage is significantly different from that of the real situation. Therefore, it is clearly necessary to conduct a large number of studies to deeply explore the quantitative relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation community. Based on vegetation survey and surface pollen data collected from 46 surface soil samples in the western Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China, this study used various approaches to quantitatively estimate several pollen-based indices representative of vegetation, including the association index (A), underrepresentation index (U), overrepresentation index (O), representative coefficient (R), mean pollen percentage in the absence of vegetation (M_a), mean pollen percentage in the presence of vegetation (M_p), and coefficient of similarity between pollen assemblage and plant community (CC) for 19 major pollen types in our study region. The results of the analysis show that all the 19 pollen taxa can be divided into three groups. The first group includes Chenopodiaceae with A value of 1.0, O and U values of 0, and R value of 12.5. The value of M_p is much higher than M_a, therefore indicating that Chenopodiaceae pollen is over-representative for the corresponding vegetation. The second group consists of Artemisia and Ephedra, in which A values range from 0.1 to 0.4, O values vary from 0.6 to 0.9, U values are 0, and R values are greater than 18.5. Moreover, the differences in values between M_p and M_a range from 3.6% to 12.1%, implying a strong association between pollen distribution and their parent plants. The third group includes various pollen types of Nitraria, Liliaceae, Labiatae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Umbelliferae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Convolvulaceae, Urticaceae, and Boraginaceae, with A values of less than 0.6, U values between 0.2 and 0.9, O values between 0.1 and 1.0, and R values of less than 4.0. Moreover, the differences in values between M_p and M_a less than 4.9%, therefore showing that these pollen types are under-representative for the related vegetation. These results provide a basis to improve the reliability of pollen-based vegetation reconstruction.

Key words: pollen, vegetation, representative index, coefficient of similarity, Junggar Basin

韩岳婷, 李建勇, 刘剑波, 杨锐, 牛地园. 准噶尔盆地西部花粉对植被的指示性研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(5): 773-781.

HAN Yueting, LI Jianyong, LIU Jianbo, YANG Rui, NIU Diyuan. Indicative study of pollen on vegetation in western Junger Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(5): 773-781.

图/表 3

图1

表1

准噶尔盆地西部荒漠区取样点坐标及植被概况"

样点编号	纬度 /N	经度 /E	海拔 /m	群落类型	主要植物类型	植被盖度/%	相似系数
1	44°53′05″	80°40′26″	2674	针茅群落	针茅、莎草科、唐松草、菊科、禾本科等	96.64	0.41
2	44°39′24″	81°22′43″	2236	禾本+地衣+莎草群落	禾本科、地衣、藜科、莎草科、景天科等	59.01	0.54
3	44°57′07″	80°22′01″	2121	戈壁针茅+冷蒿群落	锦鸡儿、戈壁针茅、冷蒿、莎草、委陵菜等	55.03	0.35
4	44°33′47″	80°57′33″	2098	禾本+虎耳草群落	禾本科、虎耳草、苜蓿属、蓼科、豆科、茜草科、唐松草、麻黄等	49.59	0.43
5	44°39′02″	80°59′22″	2063	针茅群落	针茅、禾本科、龙胆科、老鹳草、蓝花棘豆、蒿属等	93.24	0.55
6	44°16′51″	80°33′17″	1892	骆驼刺+针茅群落	戈壁针茅、猪毛菜、骆驼刺、冷蒿、藜科、瓦松、菊科等	50.61	0.66
7	45°44′54″	83°04′36″	1862	蒿属+委陵菜群落	委陵菜、蒿属、针茅、锦鸡儿、莎草科、菊科等	95.50	0.51
8	45°39′22″	82°57′24″	1855	禾本+委陵菜群落	禾本科、委陵菜、地衣等	94.07	0.59
9	45°39′45″	82°46′24″	1830	针茅+蒿属+萎陵菜群落	针茅、委陵菜、蒿属、藜科、豆科等	48.15	0.49
10	45°34′48″	83°39′36″	1762	禾本+菊科群落	禾本科、菊科、玄参科、委陵菜、蒿属、锦鸡儿、麻黄等	96.32	0.34
11	44°47′44″	81°09′42″	1659	禾本+蒿群落	大籽蒿、禾本科、锦鸡儿、蒿属、白刺等	59.01	0.45
12	45°54′00″	84°02′24″	1580	针茅+蒿+委陵菜+麻黄群落	锦鸡儿、麻黄、戈壁针茅、莎草、委陵菜、蒿属等	55.13	0.48
13	45°47′57″	84°02′09″	1580	蒿+委陵菜+麻黄+针茅群落	针茅、莎草、委陵菜、蒿属、麻黄、报春花等	29.22	0.26
14	45°46′06″	83°15′26″	1577	委陵菜+禾本群落	委陵菜、禾本科、狗娃花、莎草等	61.51	0.58
15	45°48′31″	83°33′58″	1440	禾本+委陵菜+蒿属+锦鸡儿群落	禾本科、委陵菜、地衣、蒿属、锦鸡儿等	62.67	0.28
16	44°08′05″	84°49′44″	1438	锦鸡儿+灌木旋花+禾本群落	锦鸡儿、蔷薇科、灌木旋花、禾本、蒿属、豆科、荨麻等	77.77	0.52
17	44°53′24″	81°06′17″	1437	蒿+禾本+锦鸡儿群落	禾本科、蒿属、锦鸡儿、麻黄、苋科等	48.07	0.66
18	45°00′16″	80°55′48″	1425	禾本+狗娃花+灌木旋花群落	禾本科、狗娃花、刺柏、锦鸡儿、旋花等	45.67	0.54
19	45°31′00″	83°57′13″	1338	锦鸡儿+禾本+蒿群落	禾本科、蒿属、锦鸡儿、狗娃花、委陵菜、藜科、瓦松等	81.44	0.54
20	44°12′04″	84°15′13″	1333	莎草群落	莎草、荨麻、蒿属、禾本科、骆驼蓬等	69.90	0.32
21	44°48′21″	81°38′19″	1300	锦鸡儿+小针茅+其他杂草群落	锦鸡儿、针茅、藜科、菊科、十字花科、唇形科等	63.55	0.62
22	44°25′48″	83°07′12″	1208	藜+蒿群落	藜科、禾本科、地衣、蒿属等	50.53	0.49
23	44°21′17″	83°39′02″	1150	蒿属+骆驼刺+猪毛菜群落	骆驼刺、针茅、蒿属、藜科、猪毛菜、禾本科等	32.76	0.74
24	44°23′20″	80°43′30″	1096	苦豆子+水松+菊科群落	禾本科、苦豆子、菊科、水松、莎草科等	69.73	0.32
25	45°07′39″	81°49′00″	1066	针茅群落	藜科、旋花科、莎草科、针茅、蒿属、委陵菜等	26.98	0.49
26	45°44′24″	84°21′36″	1020	蒙古韭+麻黄+禾本+锦鸡儿群落	禾本科、蒙古韭、麻黄、狗娃花、锦鸡儿、小蓬菜、蒿属等	6.36	0.64
27	45°58′12″	83°30′36″	944	藜科群落	藜科、禾本科、狗娃花、刺柏、锦鸡儿、卷柏、景天科等	37.65	0.27
28	44°08′42″	85°26′32″	915	针茅+蒿属+藜群落	灌木、蒿属、针茅、藜科、十字花科等	43.57	0.62
29	44°21′36″	82°28′12″	875	锦鸡儿+梭梭群落	锦鸡儿、梭梭、西伯利亚刺柏、猪毛菜、麻黄、藜科、菊科等	27.53	0.43
30	44°36′42″	81°49′02″	874	锦鸡儿+麻黄群落	锦鸡儿、禾本科、麻黄、葱属、刺柏等	30.87	0.77
31	44°48′52″	81°51′17″	870	禾本科+藜科+骆驼刺群落	锦鸡儿、骆驼刺、藜科、禾本科、骆驼蓬、麻黄、刺柏等	33.54	0.42
32	45°02′41″	82°00′06″	763	刺藜+白刺+盐爪爪群落	刺藜、盐爪爪、白刺、猪毛菜、禾本科、十字花科、菊科等	32.78	0.39
33	45°40′28″	84°42′32″	698	麻黄+藜+苦荬菜群落	麻黄、藜科、苦荬菜、蒙古韭、锦鸡儿等	14.60	0.39
34	45°04′59″	82°16′01″	693	白刺+刺藜群落	猪毛菜、小蓬菜、白刺、刺藜等	32.49	0.54
35	44°24′36″	82°54′00″	590	藜+小蓬菜群落	藜科、禾本科、小蓬菜、灌木旋花等	41.32	0.53
36	44°19′48″	85°06′36″	581	梭梭+藜科群落	梭梭、藜科、麻黄、骆驼刺、针茅、蒿属、禾本科等	28.66	0.46
37	45°13′09″	83°59′58″	549	蒿+禾本群落	梭梭、禾本科、蒿属、小蓬菜、藜科、茜草科等	42.43	0.59
38	45°58′12″	83°43′12″	491	梭梭群落	梭梭、禾本科、狗娃花、莎草等	27.59	0.67
39	45°20′24″	84°39′00″	400	藜科群落	禾本科、藜科、蒿属等	40.48	0.30
40	46°01′48″	85°19′12″	356	梭梭群落	禾本科、梭梭、豆科、茜草科、唐松草、麻黄等	9.03	0.69
41	44°36′00″	84°21′00″	306	红纱+珍珠梅+白刺群落	红纱、珍珠梅、白刺、补血草、藜科等	44.49	0.37
42	44°51′24″	84°51′38″	247	梭梭+蒿+藜群落	梭梭、禾本科、菊科、蒿属、牻牛儿苗科、藜科、骆驼蓬等	72.49	0.49
43	45°47′24″	85°24′00″	214	柽柳+藜科群落	柽柳、藜科、禾本科、苦豆子、菊科、莎草科、麻黄等	15.32	0.61
44	45°00′00″	84°04′12″	206	梭梭+柽柳群落	禾本科、梭梭、柽柳、藜科、骆驼刺等	89.05	0.42
45	44°38′24″	83°22′48″	190	胡杨+梭梭+柽柳群落	梭梭、白刺、胡杨、猪毛菜、柽柳、藜科等	40.09	0.66
46	44°55′12″	83°39′36″	188	藜科+骆驼刺群落	骆驼刺、蒿属、狗娃花、委陵菜、藜科、柽柳等	62.45	0.41

表1

表2

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