2013—2020年塔里木河流域胡杨林生态恢复成效评估

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.082

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1824-1835.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.082

2013—2020年塔里木河流域胡杨林生态恢复成效评估

张久丹^1,^2,³(),李均力^1,³(),包安明^1,³,白洁^1,³,刘铁^1,³,黄粤^1,³

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.新疆遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2022-03-04 修回日期:2022-04-01 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-02-01
通讯作者: 李均力（1980-），男，研究员，博士，主要从事遥感信息提取、水资源遥感等方面的研究. E-mail: lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:张久丹（1995-），女，博士研究生，主要从事干旱区湿地遥感等方面的研究. E-mail: zjd0901@126.com
基金资助:
中国科学院创新交叉团队(JCTD-2019-20);天山创新团队项目(2020D14016);国家自然科学基金(U203201);国家自然科学基金(42071141);王宽诚教育基金会(GJTD-2020-14)

Effectiveness assessment of ecological restoration of Populus euphratica forest in the Tarim River Basin during 2013—2020

ZHANG Jiudan^1,^2,³(),LI Junli^1,³(),BAO Anming^1,³,BAI Jie^1,³,LIU Tie^1,³,HUANG Yue^1,³

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-03-04 Revised:2022-04-01 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: Junli LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态输水是塔里木河流域退化胡杨林生态恢复的主要措施，及时监测和准确评估其恢复成效是优化输水策略、完善胡杨林修复体系的关键。以2013年以来8个胡杨林区为研究对象，基于中高分辨率遥感数据监测不同胡杨林区生态输水前后植被面积、长势及植被覆盖度的时序变化，探讨胡杨林恢复与生态输水的关系。结果表明：（1） 2016年以来整个流域累计漫溢水面为2172.96 km²，占林区总面积的4.39%，主要分布在输水通道两侧及末端10 km范围内。（2）输水前后林区植被整体呈现由退化到恢复的转变，林区生态恢复水平与年最大漫溢面积显著正相关。（3）生态恢复成效评估表明，生态恢复最显著的区域是塔里木河中上游和叶尔羌河下游的夏马勒林场，但整个流域远离输水通道的胡杨林仍有退化趋势。合理规划输水通道建设，扩大胡杨林区的受水范围是退化胡杨林生态恢复的关键。

关键词: 生态输水, 植被长势, 植被覆盖度, 生态评估, 塔里木河流域

Abstract:

As the main constructive species of desert riparian forest in Xinjiang of western China, the Populus euphratica forest is of great importance to ecological balance maintenance, desertification control and biodiversity protection. Ecological water conveyance is the main way to promote ecological restoration of degraded Populus euphratica in the Tarim River Basin. Ecological monitoring and assessment are critical to optimizing water conveyance strategy and improving ecological restoration systems. In this study, the changes in vegetation area, NDVI and vegetation coverage in eight key Populus euphratica forests in the Tarim River Basin were monitored based on medium-high resolution time-series remote sensing, and the relation between ecological restoration level and ecological water conveyance areas was discussed. The results show that the accumulative maximum water conveyance area was 2172.96 km² in the Populus euphratica forest of the Tarim River Basin since 2016, accounting for 4.39% of the total forest area, mainly distributed within 10 km from both sides and the end of water conveyance channels. During 2013—2020, the vegetation in the forest showed a trend from degradation to restoration before and after water conveyance, and the restoration degree was significantly positively correlated with the annual maximum water conveyance area. The comprehensive assessment of vegetation restoration in different forest regions showed that the cumulative water conveyance area and the perfection of water conveyance channels are the determinants of ecological restoration degree in the degraded Populus euphratica forest regions. For example, the most significant restoration regions were the middle and upper reaches of the Tarim River and the Xiamal forest farm at the lower reaches of the Yarkand River. However, the Populus euphratica far away from water conveyance channels is still degraded. It is crucial for ecological restoration of Populus euphratica forest far away from the water conveyance channels to plan rationally the construction of ecological water conveyance channels and increase the water conveyance area of damaged Populus euphratica forest.

Key words: ecological water conveyance, vegetation growth, fractional vegetation cover, ecological assessment, Tarim River Basin

张久丹, 李均力, 包安明, 白洁, 刘铁, 黄粤. 2013—2020年塔里木河流域胡杨林生态恢复成效评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(6): 1824-1835.

ZHANG Jiudan, LI Junli, BAO Anming, BAI Jie, LIU Tie, HUANG Yue. Effectiveness assessment of ecological restoration of Populus euphratica forest in the Tarim River Basin during 2013—2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1824-1835.

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林区	输水实施时间	监测时间
林区	输水实施时间	水体	植被
夏马勒林场	8月下旬至10月下旬	8—11月	6月或7月
夏河林场	8月下旬至10月下旬	8—11月	6月或 7月
艾西曼湿地	8月下旬至9月下旬	8—10月	8月上旬
博斯坦林场	8月上旬至9月下旬	8—10月	6月或7月
塔里木河上游	8月下旬至10月下旬	8—11月	6月或7月
塔里木河中游	8月下旬至10月下旬	8—11月	6月或7月
塔里木河下游	8月下旬至10月下旬	8—11月	7月或8月
孔雀河下游	4月和11月	4月和11月	7月或8月

序号	指标	序号	指标
X1	植被面积年均变化率	X6	NDVI增量>0的面积占比
X2	NDVI年均变化率	X7	NDVI>0.3的面积变化量
X3	FVC年均变化率	X8	NDVI>0.3的面积变化量占比
X4	植被面积增量占比	X9	0.1<NDVI<0.3的面积变化量
X5	NDVI增量>0的面积	X10	0.1<NDVI<0.3的面积变化量占比

植被恢复水平	综合得分	评级
极显著恢复	[1.5, 2.0]	Ⅰ
显著恢复	[1.0, 1.5)	Ⅱ
中等恢复	[0.5, 1.0)	Ⅲ
轻度恢复	[0.1, 0.5)	Ⅳ
无恢复	[0.0, 0.1)	Ⅴ

评级	夏马勒林场	夏河林场	艾西曼湿地	博斯坦林场	塔里木河上游	塔里木河中游	塔里木河下游	孔雀河下游
综合得分	0.69	0.16	0.42	0.49	1.61	1.67	0.74	0.31
恢复水平	中等	轻度	轻度	轻度	极显著	极显著	中等	轻度
级别	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ

2013—2020年塔里木河流域胡杨林生态恢复成效评估

Effectiveness assessment of ecological restoration of Populus euphratica forest in the Tarim River Basin during 2013—2020

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