分形视角下的陕北黄土高原沟壑区城乡居民点分布特征研究——以无定河流域为例

Abstract

Abstract: “A number of urban agglomerations and regional central cities should be established in in China's central and western regions,so that the people in the central and western regions can share the welfare of urbanization”, that is the spirit of the Central City Working Conference. The Loess Plateau is one of the areas where exist the worst soil erosion problems and the most serious ecological problems in China. So it is very important to study the characteristics of the landforms and the channel network for the urbanization in this area. The subject of the study is the Wuding River Basin in Loess Plateau area. Firstly,the fractal dimensions of nineteen small watersheds are calculated with box dimension method and least square method. The results prove that the landform of the river basin is a fractal form. The fractal features of hierarchy and self-similarity in regional geomorphology are also analyzed. This research further confirms CUI Lingzhou,LI Zhanbin,LEI Huizhu and other experts' judgment that the gully networks in Loess Plateau have the fractal characteristics. Nineteen small watersheds' fractal dimensions are generally distributed between 1.029-1.224. TheWuding River Basin landform is just in its infancy stage,so the soil erosion there is particularly bad. Secondly,there are 2 276 settlements in the Wuding River Basin. The number and grade of the settlements in each small watershed have been calculated. The internal relation between the number and grade of the settlements and the fractal dimension of the channel has been analyzed. Thirdly,buffer zone method is used to analyze the neighborhood relation between the rural settlements and the channel network system,so the corresponding characteristics of the water system and residential level have been discovered. The research shows three conclusions. In mathematical terms: (1)The higher the fractal dimension of each small watershed is,the bigger the number of the rural settlements in per unit area is. There are competitive relations among different grades of rural settlements. When the fractal dimension of channel is certain,the occurrence of high-grade settlements will reduce the number of the low-grade settlements in per unit areas of the small watershed. (2)Only when the valley channel develops to a certain level,can the high-grade settlements be found there. The fact that the fractal dimension of the valley channel reaches 1.223 is a necessary and insufficient condition for the county formation in gully: (3)The distribution of residential area is close to fractal channel network system,and the distribution law of residential grade has self-similarity and hierarchical iteration. Finally, this paper explores the layout model of town and village system which has regional characteristics based on the above conclusion. The layout of high-grade settlements is near the high-grade channel and the low-grade residential areas are located near the low-grade gullies. The channel water system and the flat valley land connect the residents of each grade.

Key words: Loess Plateau, fractal, Wuding River Basin, urban and rural settlements, village town system

CLC Number:

K901

WU Chong, ZHANG Wen, XIANG Yuan-lin, TIAN Da-rui. Distribution of rural settlements in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province from the perspective of fractal theory:a case of the Wuding River Basin[J]., 2017, 40(6): 1307-1316.

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Distribution of rural settlements in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province from the perspective of fractal theory:a case of the Wuding River Basin

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