Abstract: Regional difference in economically underdeveloped areas is the hotspot of domestic and foreign scholars. Taking the conception and model of the regional gravity center and adopting the data collected from each city or county at north periphery of the Tarim Basin in the past 45 years (1965-2009), this paper figures out the dynamic evolvement of the population, GDP, first industry, second industry and arable land area gravity center, and analyzes the correlation of evolvement of the population with other economy gravity center at the same time. The results show as follows: (1) Population and economy gravity center of north foreland of the Tarim basin all have shown the trends of migration from the west to the east in 1965-2009, which indicates that the economic development rapidly increased in the east. The developments of GDP, first industry, second industry are the decisive role in guiding population distribution, while the change of population distribution causes the change of arable land area at the same time. (2) The migration of the population has a strong correlation with GDP, first industry, second industry, which passed the significance level of 0.01 in longitude direction with a slight correlation in latitude direction. (3) The imbalance of population distribution with GDP, second industry was aggravated in recent 45 years. The change in first industry gravity center was more complex than that of population, and still exists a large imbalance between them. On the contrary, the imbalance of arable land area and population turns to smaller. The results show that there has poor coordination of economic development and population distribution.

Key words: model of regional gravity center, evolvement, correlation, north periphery of Tarim Basin