缺测站干旱流域生态输水遥感监测与农业节水效益分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.296

Abstract

Abstract:

Ecological water conveyance and agricultural water-saving are known to be important means to achieve sustainable development in inland arid basins. Due to the scarcity of hydrological stations, the monitoring and benefit evaluation of ecological water conveyance and agricultural water-saving are limited. Thus, in this study, we will examine the lower reaches of the Shule River Basin in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China. First, monthly remote sensing monitoring of ecological water conveyance from 2016 to 2020 was performed using remote sensing hydrological stations and Google Earth Engine (GEE). The benefits of ecological water conveyance and agricultural water-saving are then evaluated in conjunction with evapotranspiration and land cover types. Finally, the balance between ecological water conveyance and agricultural water-saving is analyzed in terms of water resources. The results show that (1) the remote sensing hydrological station and GEE can provide reliable data support for remote sensing monitoring of ecological water conveyance and evaluating water-saving benefits of agriculture. (2) From 2017 to 2020, ecological water conveyance can provide an average of 2.50×10⁸ m³ ecological water per year to the downstream wetland and river, of which 30.06% reaches the downstream wetland and 18.47% is used by the vegetation around the downstream river, resulting in a significant increase in vegetation area of 112.25 km². (3) From 2017 to 2020, agricultural water-saving can effectively reduce the evapotranspiration of cultivated land by an average of 0.395×10⁸ m per year, assuming that arable land area continues to grow. The decrease in evapotranspiration on cultivated land accounted for 14.22% of the ecological water conveyance capacity, thus effectively alleviating the problem of agricultural water occupying ecological water in the inland arid basin. This study proposes a novel approach for monitoring ecological water conveyance and evaluating agricultural water-saving benefits in the inland drought lack station basin via remote sensing, with the goal of providing theoretical support for the implementation of ecological water conveyance and agricultural water-saving projects in the future.

Key words: ecological water conveyance, agricultural water-saving, inland arid basin, remote sensing hydrological station, Google Earth Engine (GEE)

PAN Zihao,YANG Shengtian,LOU Hezhen,YU Jingjie,WANG Zhongjing,ZHANG Jun. Remote sensing monitoring of ecological water conveyance and benefits evaluation of agricultural water-saving in arid basin without observation station[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 774-785.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Main data of remote sensing hydrological station"

数据名称	获取方式
$坡降$ （J）	由无人机影像测量
糙率（n）	根据河道情况查表获取
水面宽度（W）/m	由无人机影像测量或卫星遥感NDWI反演
水深（D）/m	由水面宽度和数字河道模型获得
水位（WL）/m	由水面宽度和数字河道模型获得
过流面积（A）/m²	由水面宽度和数字河道模型获得
湿周长（L）/m	由水面宽度和数字河道模型获得
水力半径（R）/m	由过流面积除以湿周长获得
流速（V）/m·s^-1	根据曼宁公式计算
流量（Q）/m³·s^-1	由流速与过流面积相乘获得

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 5

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断面名称	经纬度	低空遥感			野外实地测量
断面名称	经纬度	飞行高度/m	影像数量/张	覆盖面积/m²	流速/m·s^-1	水深/m
1号断面	94°58′16"E,40°31′01"N	120	218	190577	2.0	0.5
2号断面	94°32′13"E,40°30′00"N	120	307	179793	0.8	0.7
3号断面	93°41′13"E,40°24′25"N	120	320	191816	0.5	0.5

数据集名称	GEE地址	波段	空间分辨率/m	时间分辨率	年份
Sentinel-2地表反射率	COPERNICUS/S2_SR	NIR, GREEN	10	5 d	2016—2020
MODIS土地覆盖类型	MODIS/006/MCD12Q1	LC_TYPE1	500	1 a	2010—2019
MODIS地面净蒸散发量	MODIS/006/MOD16A2	ET	500	8 d	2010—2020

日期（年-月）	遥感反演河宽/m	水深/m	过流面积 /m²	流速 /m·s^-1
2020-01	-	-	-	-
2020-02	-	-	-	-
2020-03	36.2	0.66	21.79	0.80
2020-04	35.4	0.54	17.62	0.70
2020-05	35.7	0.59	19.16	0.74
2020-06	35.7	0.59	19.16	0.74
2020-07	33.0	0.28	8.51	0.45
2020-08	33.5	0.32	10.02	0.50
2020-09	35.8	0.61	19.79	0.75
2020-10	36.5	0.71	23.56	0.83

年份	1号断面水量/10⁸ m³	耕地蒸散发减少量		植被蒸散发变化量
年份	1号断面水量/10⁸ m³	数值/10⁸m³	百分比/%	数值/10⁸m³	百分比/%
2010	-	0.00	-	-	-
2011	-	0.06	-	0.08	-
2012	-	-0.13	-	0.18	-
2013	-	0.28	-	0.20	-
2014	-	0.00	-	0.24	-
2015	-	0.63	-	0.30	-
2016	1.02	0.71	69.49	0.32	31.43
2017	2.46	0.38	15.31	0.35	14.26
2018	2.52	0.48	19.05	0.31	12.48
2019	2.68	0.37	13.90	0.59	21.87
2020	2.33	0.35	15.09	0.59	25.26

Remote sensing monitoring of ecological water conveyance and benefits evaluation of agricultural water-saving in arid basin without observation station

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