生态优先视角下阿克苏国土空间开发与功能分区

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.385

Abstract

Abstract:

Guided by ecological priority, the coordination of the development and protection patterns of territorial space in arid regions is greatly important for promoting regional sustainable development. Taking Aksu Prefecture in Xinjiang of China as the study area, we assessed spatiotemporal evolution by analyzing the transformation matrix of production-living-ecological spaces from 2013 to 2023. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to extract ecological and development sources, construct a comprehensive resistance surface, and calculate the difference in MCR. Catastrophe detection was introduced to determine zoning thresholds, delineating territorial spatial functional zones and accordingly proposing differentiated optimization strategies. The results show that (1) From 2013 to 2023, production space in Aksu Prefecture increased by a net area of 788.80 km², living space increased by 189.28 km², and ecological space decreased by 978.08 km². This spatial pattern is characterized by ecological dominance, production expansion, and the slow growth of living space. (2) Taking the difference in MCR of 0 as the threshold, territorial spatial development suitability was divided. The most suitable area for construction and development covered 1.63×10⁴ km², appearing in terms of three clusters (east, west, and south) across the central part of Aksu Prefecture. The most suitable area for ecological protection makes up 1.15×10⁵ km², which is distributed peripherally in an enclosing pattern around the suitable area for construction and development. (3) Based on the critical points (-36040, -8820, 0, and 9630) of the relationship curve in the difference in MCR and the number of raster cells, the territorial spatial development functional zones of Aksu Prefecture were divided into ecological protection, agricultural production, construction and development, protection and production, and production and development zones, with areas of 54456.73 km², 18763.61 km², 2305.15 km², 41924.40 km², and 13990.09 km², respectively, establishing three strong-attribute functional zones and two composite functional ones. (4) According to the functional zones, at the city-county level, Aksu Prefecture is clustered into three differentiated development clusters: an urban development space, a smart-industry integration space, and a green-agriculture optimization space, and the dominant functions of these are construction and development, production and development, and protection and production, respectively. Thus, differentiated optimization strategies for territorial spatial development are proposed for Aksu Prefecture.

Key words: land territorial space development, suitability evaluation, functional zone, minimum cumulative resistance model, Aksu Prefecture

HE Yuqing, WANG Cheng, HUANG Wei, SONG Jiaqi, LIU Siyuan, ZONG Shimin. Land space development and functional zoning of Aksu from the perspective of ecological priority[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(5): 998-1012.

Figures/Tables 16

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一级指标层	二级指标层	生态源扩张		开发源扩张
一级指标层	二级指标层	属性	权重	属性	权重
自然	高程/m	正	0.2367	正	0.1094
	地形起伏/(°)	正	0.2400	正	0.1109
	年均气温/℃	负	0.2319	负	0.1072
	年均降水/mm	负	0.0084	负	0.0039
	土壤质地	负	0.0220	正	0.0090
	土地利用类型	正	0.0533	负	0.1243
	归一化植被指数	负	0.0149	正	0.0094
社会	人口密度/人·km^-2	正	0.0001	负	0.3754
社会	地区生产总值/10⁴元·km^-2	正	0.0014	负	0.1023
区位	距国道的距离/km	负	0.0844	正	0.0065
	距省道的距离/km	负	0.0935	正	0.0070
	距水系的距离/km	正	0.0134	负	0.0347

阻力因子	生态源/开发源扩张阻力值（阻值越大，阻力越大）
阻力因子	1/1	2/2	3/3	4/4	5/5
高程/m	919~1500	1500~2000	2000~3000	3000~4000	>4000
地形起伏/(°)	0~5	5~10	10~50	50~100	>100
年均气温/℃	>10	5~10	0~5	-5~0	-23~-5
年均降水/mm	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	0~10
阻力因子	生态源/开发源扩张阻力值（阻值越大，阻力越大）
阻力因子	1/5	2/4	3/3	4/2	5/1
土壤质地	黏土	壤土	砂土	砾质土	-
土地利用类型	水域、林地	草地	耕地	未利用土地	城乡、工矿、居民用地
归一化植被指数	>0.75	0.45~0.75	0.15~0.45	0.00~0.15	<0.00
人口密度/人·km^-2	0~10	10~25	25~50	50~100	>100
地区生产总值/10⁴元·km^-2	0~50	50~100	100~250	250~500	>500
距国道的距离/km	>1.2	0.8~1.2	0.4~0.8	0.2~0.4	0.0~0.2
距省道的距离/km	>1.2	0.8~1.2	0.4~0.8	0.2~0.4	0.0~0.2
距水系的距离/km	0.0~0.2	0.2~0.4	0.4~0.6	0.6~0.8	>0.8

“三生”空间类型		2023年
“三生”空间类型		生产空间	生活空间	生态空间	总计
2013年	生产空间	12146.90	413.42	2161.65	14721.97
	生活空间	272.35	248.21	35.39	555.95
	生态空间	3091.52	83.60	113019.00	116194.12
	总计	15510.77	745.23	115216.04	131472.04

生态-开发适宜性	功能区	最小累积差值区间
生态保护适宜区	生态保护区	-267314~-36040
	保护生产区	-36040~-8820
	农业生产区	-8820~0
开发建设适宜区	生产开发区	0~9630
开发建设适宜区	开发建设区	9630~22052

市县	生态保护区	保护生产区	农业生产区	生产开发区	开发建设区	总计
阿克苏市	3454.79	5360.08	2637.26	2472.47	468.83	14393.43
阿拉尔市	0.00	1071.17	1551.45	1125.08	176.27	3923.97
阿瓦提县	7386.76	2824.25	2019.36	744.98	10.91	12986.26
拜城县	7376.30	4107.91	2136.83	1775.26	445.76	15842.06
柯坪县	2432.51	3572.82	2007.89	825.61	22.68	8861.51
库车市	7547.11	3326.34	1897.67	1501.28	225.62	14498.02
沙雅县	16312.44	13417.19	1330.20	684.42	84.55	31828.80
温宿县	5845.00	3485.93	1969.20	2497.55	483.92	14281.60
乌什县	3136.62	2232.12	1880.63	1486.22	269.02	9004.61
新和县	2087.26	1915.60	1059.27	673.70	83.86	5819.69
全区合计	55578.79	41313.41	18489.76	13786.57	2271.42	131439.95

Land space development and functional zoning of Aksu from the perspective of ecological priority

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