秦岭山区-黄土高原地区生态基流区域差异及其阈值研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.179

Abstract

Abstract:

The Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau geological and geomorphological continuum features a fragile ecosystem where river ecological base flow and its thresholds are critical for ecosystem protection. This study examines the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region in China, constructing a system of 22 ecological base flow influencing factors, including climate, vegetation, topography, soil structure, watershed morphology, and socio-economic variables. Using a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and K-means clustering analysis, the region was divided into four sub-regions: the central Loess Plateau, southern Qinling, northern Qinling, and northwestern Loess Plateau. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to model and analyze ecological base flow influencing factors in three sub-regions. The results indicate that: (1) Ecological base flow is primarily influenced by precipitation concentration in the central Loess Plateau, by annual mean temperature in the southern Qinling, and by soil moisture content in the northern Qinling. (2) Significant regional differences were observed in ecological base flow thresholds, with values of 7.9% for the central Loess Plateau, 9.5% for the southern Qinling, 7.5% for the northern Qinling, and 4.1% for the northwestern Loess Plateau. (3) A linear regression model was developed to calculate and simulate ecological base flow, with determination coefficients exceeding 0.87, accounting for regional differences in environmental response. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for the quantitative estimation of ecological base flow, offer insights into river health maintenance and sustainable water resource utilization, and hold substantial theoretical and practical significance.

Key words: ecological base flow, cluster analysis, flow threshold, structural equation, influencing factors

YANG Xiaoya, YU Kunxia, LI Zhanbin, LI Peng, LIU Yonggang, MO Shuhong, YANG Jianhong. Regional differences and threshold of ecological base flow in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(3): 380-390.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 34

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分类	影响因子	来源
气候条件	年降水量（P）	由遥感数据统计
	降水变异系数（P_CV）	降水量标准偏差/年降水量均值
	年平均气温（T）	由遥感数据统计
	平均湿度指数（HI）	降水量/潜在蒸散发
	降水集中度（P_CD）	由降水量数据计算
	地表净太阳辐射（S）	由遥感数据统计
植被覆盖	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	由遥感数据统计
	森林和草地占比（FG）	由土地利用数据统计
	净初级生产力（NPP）	由遥感数据统计
	叶面积指数（LI）	由遥感数据统计
土层结构	黏土比例（Clay）	由土壤质地数据统计
	粉砂土比例（Silt）	由土壤质地数据统计
	砂土比例（Sand）	由土壤质地数据统计
	土壤含水量（SW）	由遥感数据统计
地形地貌	集水区平均高程（E）	由DEM计算
地形地貌	地表起伏度（R）	由DEM计算
流域形态	流域面积（A）	由遥感数据统计
	流域形状系数（K）	边界长度/面积相同的圆
	河网密度（RD）	河长/流域面积
社会经济	地区生产总值（GDP）	由遥感数据统计
	人口（POP）	由遥感数据统计
	夜间灯光（OLS）	由遥感数据统计

子区域	均值/%	中值/%	生态基流占比阈值/%
黄土高原中部	8.7	7.1	7.9
秦岭南麓	10.5	8.5	9.5
秦岭北麓	7.9	7.0	7.5
黄土高原西北部	7.5	0.6	4.1

Regional differences and threshold of ecological base flow in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau region

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