Abstract:

The increasing demand for agricultural products under globalization and urbanization is driving the transformation of agriculture.It is also reshaping the rural,and profoundly affects the relationship between the economic,social,and ecological development in rural areas.Most domestic and foreign scholars〖JP8〗’〖JP〗 research on agricultural transformation and ecosystem services focuses on the effects of land-use change,urbanization,and landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services.Only a few focus on the process of agricultural transformation,agricultural ecosystem services,and their interaction mechanisms.Therefore,exploring the impact of current agricultural transformation on the agro-ecosystem has a practical significance in urban and rural development,ecological security construction,and sustainable development in urban agglomerations.Agroecosystem services (i.e.,agricultural multifunctionality) have always been research hotspots in the fields of geography and ecology and have theoretical significance as they reveal the relationship between agricultural transformation and agroecosystem services.This study investigates the effect of agricultural transformation on agricultural ecosystem services under the influence of urbanization.Take the Yujiaying and Majia Villages in the Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi Province,China as an example.It is of great significance to explore the interactive mechanism between urban and rural development,the development of specialty agriculture,and the construction of ecological landscapes.Based on the information of questionnaires,semi-structured interviews,and field mapping,the agricultural transformation and agro-ecosystem services were evaluated in the Yujiaying and Majia Villages.The effects and mechanisms of agricultural transformation on agro-ecosystem services were analyzed.Results show the following:(1) Under two transformations of grain-to-grain and grain-to-fruit,the large changes  occur in agricultural landscapes,planting structures,and farmers’ behavior.In the process of the shift from traditional grain production to modern agriculture,such as planting fruits,vegetables,seedlings,and flowers,crop species have changed from that having lower yield and quality to that having higher yield and quality.They are more diversified and low arable lands are converted into grassland and woodland.Furthermore,farmers’ enthusiasm improved,and the agricultural technology improved.(2) The main of the ecosystem services of “grain to grain” and “grain to fruit” transformation are supply services in positive services,of which the economic production function of “grain to fruit” has increased quickly about 523.9%,but the negative ecosystem services caused by “grain to fruit” transformation are also higher,so the greater the economic value growth of production in agricultural transformation,the greater the negative impact on ecosystem services.(3) Agricultural transformation is mainly affected by urbanization and national policies.Under agricultural transformation,the change of agro-ecosystem services is affected by the agricultural landscape,agricultural structure,and farmers’ behavior.Conversely,these changes would feedback to national policymaking and farmers’ behavior.This study conducted a quantitative measurement of agricultural transformation.The coupling mechanism between agricultural transformation and agro-ecosystem services were also generalized by analyzing two typical agricultural villages currently experiencing agricultural transformation.It is significant to identify the agricultural transformation model in the urban agglomeration of the Guanzhong Plain to understand the relationship between agricultural development and ecosystems in the context of globalization and resolve local agriculture development issues by exerting agro-ecosystem services.

Key words: agricultural transformation')">

agricultural transformation, land use, ecosystem service, Guanzhong Plain