Abstract: In the previous studies，due to a large randomicity of sampling，selected sampling sites were limited，and then the comparison study of vegetation and soil between the south and north transects is lacking. For this shortage，in this study the investigation of terrain and landform was conducted，observing of vegetation parameters and sampling of soils in 39 sites，ranging from 82°52′14″E-83°1′45″E and 44°23′36.6″N-44°59′28″N in the south and north areas of Aibi Lake，Bortala Prefecture，Xinjiang，China. Using the method of descriptive comparison and the analysis of significant level for statistic differences，the paper discussed the distribution characteristics of vegetation structure and soil physical-chemical properties and explored the differences between the south and north transect areas of Aibi Lake. The results show that there are the differences in population type，quantity，growth regime and their changes for dominant species between south and north areas’ vegetation. This is，the fluctuant forms of diversity of plant communities and the mean indices of vegetation parameters with the varying sampling sites are different，however，the statistic differences in the diversity，evenness and cover indices are not significant. In terms of soil physical-chemical properties，comparing with the south transect area the grain size of soil in north transect area is coarser，the sorting is more poor， the source of material and dynamic of movement are more complex. However， in the south transect area the peak values of the grain size fraction which is sensitive to environments more occur near 60 μm，representing that there are some of aeolian sands. Because the impact of wind force on soil was limited，the significant differences in dispersing from soil grain size and in departure from normality in two transect areas only occurred in the topsoil layer. However，the differences in concentrations for organic matter，total N，total P and total K are significant. In terms of the mean levels for soil moisture，soil salt （including main soil soluble salt ions） and pH，the significance of differences between the every soil layer of south-north areas is not consistent，and as a whole，the difference is in a marked range. These differences are the results from remarkable distinctness of terrain，hydrology，weather， vegetation，soil source and properties in the south and north transect areas， and then the heterogeneity and coupling relationship of vegetation pattern and soil physical-chemical properties strengthened the differences of the south and north transect areas.

Key words: vegetation, soil physical-chemical properties, difference, significance