Abstract: The economic geography of Central Asia is an important component of the world geography studies，which play a fundamental role on supporting the strategy of opening up to the west of Xinjiang，China. Manufacturing distribution is the core content of the world economic geography，this paper preliminarily analyses the spatial pattern and structural characteristics of the manufacturing of the five Central Asian countries，by using of mathematical statistical methods. the results show as follows：the unique advantages of nature resources in Central Asia are the solid foundation for its development of the manufacturing sector，but by the policy implications of the implementation of the " labor division " in the former Soviet Union，the five Central Asian countries had a Non-diversity structure of manufacturing. After independence，the manufacturing in five countries didn not began to develop untill the economic recession finished，and manufacturing diversity has been enhanced. However，due to the rapid growth of the energy industry，the proportion of industrial added values in the manufacturing sector had been dropped significantly，from 53.6% in 1994 to about 30% in 2010. There was not only an unequilibrium distribution of manufacturing in Central Asia，and Kazakhstan’s manufacturing had a core position in the five countries，but also an unballence spatial layout of “east-high and west-low” pattern of manufacturing in Kazakhstan. Manufacturing of the five Central Asian countries had an enhancing heavy industry trend and light industry was stable development during last decade. The light industrial products rely on the importing from from other countries，and the development of the manufacturing depends on foreign investments and technical supports.

Key words: manufacturing, the spatial distribution evolution, the industrial structure, Central Asia, world economic geography