Abstract: Carbon cycle is basic element cycle on the earth，and it plays a vital role in earth system evolution and sustainable development of human society. In the global research of carbon cycle，fossil-fuel energy consumption，cement production and land use are three main sources of carbon emission which related to human economic activities and fossil-fuel energy consumption is the largest anthropogenic source of carbon emissions and the primary cause of greenhouse gases increase in the atmosphere. In this paper，with the application of energy consumption data in Kazakhstan from 1992 to 2010 collected from the World Bank and the International Energy Agency，carbon emissions every year in Kazakhstan are calculated according to the default value of carbon emission calculating guidelines of IPCC，the changes of total carbon emission，carbon emission structure and carbon emission intensity in Kazakhstan are systematically analyzed. The elements of carbon emission were separated with Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index and this paper analyzed their influence factors. Results showed as follows：Kazakhstan’s carbon emissions from primary energy consumption performed an overall "U"-shaped curve from 1992 to 2010，the inflection point appeared in the year of 1999. Overall energy consumption structure of Kazakhstan’s coal-dominated energy consumption patterns have not changed，coal consumption is still the major source of carbon emissions，which is related to the impct of long-term energy supply policy on coal listed as a main energy resource. The impact of conomic development on carbon emissions has shown some positive significances，the main driving factor increasing carbon emission. Energy structure has shown some negative effects. Reduction in energy intensity is the main contribution factor inhibiting the growth of carbon emissions. Therefore，to control the growth of carbon emissions in Kazakhstan，an important measure is to accelerate the changes in the local primary energy consumption structure.

Key words: Kazakhstan, energy consumption, carbon emissions, influence factors, logarithmic mean divisia index