Abstract: Under the impact of human activities since recent 5 decades, the ecological environment in XinjiangChanges as: shortening of the river, shrinkage or dried-up of the lakes, salinization of water quality, degenera-tion of the natural vegetation, reduction of the wild animals, and continuous enlargernent of the area of the de-sertified and the salinized lands. It is difficult to achieve a sustainable development if the protection and improve-ment of the ecological environment in Xinjiang are not strengthened during the major development of the WestRegions of China.

Key words: Xinjiang, ecological environment, protection and improvement