Abstract: Water is the key factor to influencing the change of environment or advanced ecological process The ecosystem of vegetation is both the nursery and the consumer of water resources in arid areas. The courses of regTulation to water in mountain vegetation systems (forests and grassland) and consumption by natural oasis ecosys"tem play a significant role for human beings. T'he strategy of water using to promote the ecological environmentshould persist on a whole and perfect idea, i. e. the underground water, running water and river water, are notthe resource water only, all are very important natural resources, and should be utilized effectively. 'The water ofmelted snow (in northern region of Xinjiang) and the heavy rainfall (in all parts of Xinjiang) was not paid enough attention in Xinjiang before "the Great Western development" launched by the central government of Chi-na.The former can be effectively used by Haloxylon sp. for their regeneration and some short life plants in theseason of spring, the latter can be used by any plants in catchement system. The principles of protecting, promoting and motivating should be held on in ecosystem construction. Three kinds of ecological engineering shouldbe carried out in Xinjiang, these are the engineering of establishing functional reserves, the engineering of ecosystem renovation, and the engineering of ecosystem enhancement. The engineering of establishing functionalreserves was newly suggested by State Bureau of Environmental Protection, which protects the national ecologi-cal security. The engineering of ecosystem renovation is to help the natural ecosystem recovery from suffered status. The last engineering is to establish some new ecological engineering according to the needs of economics development. The effective coalescence of ecological process and economic process is the main goal of modern ecological constructionAccording to the needs of ecological engineering construction, a series researching worksshould be done in various region of Xinjiang.

Key words: water resources, ecological engineering, ecological security, ecological construction, Xinjiang