关中平原城市群水资源-社会-生态系统耦合协调及障碍因子分析

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Coupling coordination and obstacle factors of water-society-ecosystem in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.280

Abstract:

The Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration is the largest urban cluster in the water-scarce region of northwest China. Exploring the coordination among water resources, the socio-economic system, and the ecosystem is crucial for regional water governance and sustainable development. This study examines 11 prefecture-level cities within the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. By establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system for the coordinated development of water resources, socio-economic, and ecological systems, the comprehensive evaluation indices of these three systems from 2006 to 2020 are calculated. The coupling coordination model is employed to measure and analyze their coordination, while the obstacle degree function is used to identify the primary constraints affecting the coupling coordination degree. The results indicate that: (1) From 2006 to 2020, the development levels of water resources, socio-economic, and ecological systems across the cities in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration exhibited an overall upward trend with distinct spatial gradation. Cities with higher water resource system levels include core and surrounding cities, while those with higher socio-economic system levels are predominantly core cities. Prefecture-level cities with higher ecological system levels are either core or peripheral cities. (2) The coupling coordination degree of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration improved from a state of slight imbalance in 2006 to basic coordination by 2020. Spatially, the coupling coordination followed a hierarchical pattern of “core cities>surrounding cities>peripheral cities”. (3) Significant differences exist in the primary obstacles affecting the coupling coordination degree across the 11 prefecture-level cities. Based on the detection results of obstacle factors, the coordinated development of the water-socio-economic-ecosystems in the study area can be categorized into three types: comprehensive development constrained by water resources (core cities), ecological environment lagging behind (surrounding cities), and socio-economic lagging behind (peripheral cities).

Key words: Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, water resources system, socio-economic system, ecosystem, coupling coordination degree

HOU Caixia, ZHANG Yuzhou, YANG Jianping. Coupling coordination and obstacle factors of water-society-ecosystem in the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(4): 717-727.

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协调阶段	耦合协调度	协调类型
失调阶段	[0.0, 0.1)	极度失调
	[0.1, 0.2)	严重失调
	[0.2, 0.3)	中度失调
	[0.3, 0.4)	轻度失调
转化阶段	[0.4, 0.5)	濒临失调
	[0.5, 0.6)	基本协调
协调阶段	[0.6, 0.7)	初级协调
	[0.7, 0.8)	中级协调
	[0.8, 0.9)	高级协调
	[0.9, 1.0)	优质协调

目标层	准则层	指标层	指标性质	权重
水资源系统	供水能力	年降水量（A₁）/mm	+	0.0693
		地表水资源量（A₂）/10⁸ m³	+	0.1936
		地下水资源量（A₃）/10⁸ m³	+	0.1107
		供水综合生产能力（A₄）/10⁴ m³·d^-1	+	0.3856
	用水规模	人均生活用水量（A₅）/m³·d^-1	-	0.0318
		规模以上万元工业增加值用水量（A₆）/m³·(10⁴元)^-1	-	0.0050
		农田灌溉亩均用水量（A₇）/m³	-	0.0209
		生态环境用水占比（A₈）/%	+	0.1831
社会经济系统	经济水平	人均GDP（B₉）/元	+	0.0949
		规模以上工业增加值（B₁₀）/10⁸元	+	0.1434
		农民居民人均纯收入（B₁₁）/元	+	0.0832
		社会消费品零售总额（B₁₂）/10⁸元	+	0.2829
	社会发展	人口密度（B₁₃）/人·km^-2	-	0.0106
		普通中学在校学生数（B₁₄）/10⁴人	+	0.0643
		卫生技术人员数（B₁₅）/人	+	0.1539
		城镇社区服务机构数（B₁₆）/个	+	0.1666
生态系统	生态环境压力	城镇废污水排放量（C₁₇）/10⁸ m³	-	0.0034
		工业废水中化学需氧量排放量（C₁₈）/t	-	0.0439
		农田化肥施用量（C₁₉）/10⁴ t	-	0.0605
		单位GDP能源消耗（C₂₀)/吨标准煤·(10⁴元)^-1	-	0.0707
	生态环境保护	污水处理厂处理量（C₂₁）/10⁴ m³	+	0.3496
		工业废水治理设施数（C₂₂）/套	+	0.1380
		当年造林面积（C₂₃）/hm²	+	0.0408
		公园绿地面积（C₂₄）/hm²	+	0.2931

城市	水资源系统				社会经济系统				生态系统
城市	2006年	2010年	2015年	2020年	2006年	2010年	2015年	2020年	2006年	2010年	2015年	2020年
西安市	0.350	0.385	0.472	0.580	0.298	0.415	0.504	0.784	0.336	0.395	0.447	0.501
宝鸡市	0.503	0.577	0.526	0.632	0.270	0.255	0.370	0.513	0.272	0.303	0.312	0.326
咸阳市	0.488	0.435	0.438	0.548	0.228	0.290	0.410	0.580	0.228	0.285	0.293	0.303
渭南市	0.319	0.371	0.344	0.427	0.214	0.236	0.328	0.462	0.192	0.210	0.230	0.273
铜川市	0.227	0.228	0.204	0.261	0.134	0.140	0.204	0.259	0.398	0.437	0.471	0.511
商洛市	0.294	0.457	0.333	0.415	0.125	0.150	0.224	0.284	0.302	0.387	0.440	0.538
运城市	0.142	0.124	0.130	0.143	0.239	0.280	0.316	0.411	0.323	0.369	0.389	0.452
临汾市	0.196	0.214	0.188	0.239	0.249	0.284	0.303	0.357	0.338	0.382	0.405	0.474
天水市	0.244	0.268	0.241	0.359	0.057	0.070	0.155	0.228	0.348	0.383	0.384	0.464
平凉市	0.221	0.264	0.280	0.282	0.067	0.088	0.151	0.285	0.312	0.336	0.364	0.430
庆阳市	0.227	0.254	0.234	0.238	0.084	0.109	0.203	0.322	0.394	0.424	0.457	0.537

城市类型	城市	障碍度/%
城市类型	城市	第1障碍因子	第2障碍因子	第3障碍因子	第4障碍因子	第5障碍因子
核心城市	西安市	A₂（11.82）	A₃（10.45）	A₄（9.44）	A₈（8.28）	C₂₄（8.26）
周边城市	宝鸡市	C₂₀（15.73）	C₁₈（14.52）	A₄（11.76）	A₅（11.52）	A₈（7.66）
	咸阳市	C₁₇（13.71）	C₂₂（13.32）	C₂₀（11.46）	A₅（11.08）	A₆（8.05）
	渭南市	C₂₀（14.64）	C₂₁（13.58）	C₂₂（11.26）	A₄（10.72）	A₈（7.32）
外围城市	铜川市	B₉（14.40）	B₁₅（13.35）	C₂₀（10.85）	C₂₂（10.82）	A₃（7.37）
	商洛市	B₁₀（15.77）	B₉（14.30）	B₁₂（11.88）	C₂₁（11.45）	A₄（6.32）
	运城市	B₁₀（15.10）	A₆（13.73）	B₁₂（11.34）	C₁₇（10.34）	C₁₉（7.39）
	临汾市	B₉（15.39）	A₄（13.96）	C₂₂（11.27）	C₂₁（10.66）	C₂₄（7.25）
	天水市	B₉（14.78）	B₁₀（13.39）	B₁₂（10.90）	A₄（10.78）	C₂₄（6.68）
	平凉市	B₁₀（14.80）	A₄（13.33）	B₉（11.02）	C₂₃（10.68）	C₂₀（6.91）
	庆阳市	B₁₀（15.02）	B₉（13.59）	B₁₂（11.34）	C₁₈（10.80）	A₃（7.06）

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