博斯腾湖流域小微湿地重金属污染及潜在风险评估

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.040

Abstract

Abstract:

Small wetlands in arid regions are of critical importance to the stability of ecosystems and human life and survival. A total of 86 water samples were collected from representative small wetlands within the Bosten Lake Basin in Xinjiang, China to determine the contents of six heavy metal elements, including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, ecological risk index, and the US EPA health risk assessment model were employed to analyze pollution levels, potential ecological and health risks of heavy metals in small wetlands. The findings indicated that the average concentrations of each heavy metal in the small wetlands within the study area were lower than the Class III standard limit stipulated in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of six heavy metals in the small wetlands fall into the non-pollution level. The single ecological risk index and comprehensive ecological risk index of heavy metals in small wetlands are classified as low ecological risk. The potential health risks assessment revealed that the non-carcinogenic risks caused by six heavy metals in these wetlands were found to be within acceptable limits. However, the carcinogenic risks posed by Cd and As were found to be within acceptable parameters as well. The potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of six heavy metals in small wetlands are higher for adults than for children. Overall, Hg was identified as the predominant pollution and ecological risk factor, while As was determined to be the primary potential health risk factor for small wetlands within the study area. The findings of this study offer a scientific foundation for the environmental security of water in arid regions.

Key words: small wetland, heavy metal, pollution, potential risk, Bosten Lake Basin

CHEN Mingli, Maimaitituerxun AIZEZI, WANG Liling, HU Yonglong. Pollution and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in small wetlands in the Bosten Lake Basin[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(12): 2111-2121.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 52

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污染级别	无污染	轻微污染	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染
P_i	P_i≤1	1<P_i≤2	2<P_i≤3	3<P_i≤5	P_i>5
NPI	NPI≤0.7	0.7<NPI≤1	1<NPI≤2	2<NPI≤3	NPI>3

潜在生态风险程度	轻微风险	中等风险	较强风险	很强风险	极强风险
E	E<40	40≤E<80	80≤E<160	160≤E<320	E≥320
RI	RI<150	150≤RI<300	300≤RI<600	RI≥600	-

元素	RfD/μg·kg^-1·d^-1		SF/kg·d^-1·μg^-1
元素	手-口摄入	皮肤接触	手-口摄入	皮肤接触
Cu	40	12	-	-
Zn	300	10	-	-
Pb	1.4	1.4	-	-
Cd	0.5	0.5	6.1×10^-3	3.8×10^-4
Hg	0.3	0.021	-	-
As	0.3	0.1	1.5×10^-3	3.66×10^-3

参数	单位	分布类型	成人取值	儿童取值	参考文献
IR	L·d^-1	正态分布	2（SD=0.15）	0.64（SD=0.15）	[43]
EF	d·a^-1	三角分布	350（180~364）	350（180~364）	[44]
ED	a	单点分布	24	6	[37]
BW	kg	正态分布	65（SD=0.3）	20（SD=0.3）	[43]
AT_{非致癌风险}	d	单点分布	8760	2190	[37]
AT_致癌风险	d	单点分布	25500	25500	[39]
SA	cm²	对数正态	18000	6600	[39]
ET	h	单点分布	1	0.58	[39]

元素	最大值/μg·L^-1	最小值/μg·L^-1	平均值/μg·L^-1	标准差/μg·L^-1	变异系数	峰度系数	偏度系数	标准值*/μg·L^-1	超标率/%
Cu	57.30	0.08	15.49	9.82	0.63	3.73	1.74	1000	0
Zn	297.00	0.67	40.54	31.47	0.78	52.72	6.49	1000	0
Pb	12.70	0.09	2.21	1.95	0.88	14.08	3.42	50	0
Cd	0.80	0.05	0.06	0.08	1.33	81.77	8.95	5	0
Hg	0.57	0.04	0.08	0.08	1.00	16.88	3.32	0.1	31
As	13.30	0.30	2.36	2.38	1.01	7.20	7.20	50	0

Pollution and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in small wetlands in the Bosten Lake Basin

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统计值	元素	最大值	最小值	平均值	变异系数
P_i	Cu	0.06	0.00	0.02	0.63
	Zn	0.30	0.00	0.04	0.78
	Pb	0.25	0.00	0.04	0.88
	Cd	0.16	0.01	0.01	1.31
	Hg	5.70	0.40	0.83	0.95
	As	0.27	0.05	0.01	1.01
NPI		4.09	0.29	0.60	0.94

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