和田河中下游流域地下水水化学特征及其演化规律

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.481

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the chemical characteristics of groundwater and its evolutionary patterns in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River Basin, Xinjiang, China, this study analyzed 21 groundwater samples from the area. It included an examination of the constituents and origins of groundwater solutes and the reverse simulation of hydrogeochemical processes. The analysis employed Piper trilinear diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, PHREEQC software, and mathematical statistics to explore the chemical properties of groundwater, the principal sources of solutes, and their evolution in the study region. The results revealed that: (1) High concentrations of eight conventional ions in the groundwater, with Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and HCO₃^-being particularly abundant. (2) There was a significant spatial variability in the dissolved constituents of the groundwater. The predominant chemical types were SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg and SO₄·Cl-Na, with the latter being more common across most areas. The groundwater’s alkalinity was generally low, and the water quality in most regions met daily drinking water standards. However, in some oasis plains, elevated NO₃^- levels were attributed to human activities. (3) The dissolution of minerals such as halite, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum, facilitated by water-rock interactions and cation exchange, was identified as the main source of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, and SO₄^2- ions in the groundwater. During transit to finer soil plains and desert areas, ion concentrations increased due to evaporation and concentration processes. (4) In open system conditions, CO₂ enhanced the dissolution of various minerals, leading to increased ion concentrations. As groundwater flowed into the alluvial plains downstream, the fine sand layer acted as a barrier, reducing the intensity of groundwater flow and solute leaching, with evaporation and concentration processes becoming more dominant. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the sustainable development and management of water resources and environmental protection in the Hotan River Basin.

Key words: hydrochemical characteristics, hydrogeochemistry, water-rock interaction, groundwater, Hotan River Basin

LI Xiaodeng, CHANG Liang, DUAN Rui, WANG Qian, YANG Zedong, ZHANG Qunhui, ZHANG Pengwei. Chemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in the middle and lower reaches of Hotan River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 753-761.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 28

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统计参数	K⁺ /mg·L^-1	Na⁺ /mg·L^-1	Ca²⁺ /mg·L^-1	Mg²⁺ /mg·L^-1	Cl^- /mg·L^-1	SO₄^2- /mg·L^-1	HCO₃^- /mg·L^-1	NO₃^- /mg·L^-1	pH	TDS /mg·L^-1	TH /mg·L^-1
极差	35.30	428.57	108.77	116.83	638.10	411.52	559.16	18.49	0.57	1652.31	555.20
最小值	9.56	88.70	39.33	21.93	141.80	119.86	147.73	0.25	7.59	643.50	188.40
最大值	44.86	517.27	148.10	138.76	779.90	531.38	706.89	18.74	8.16	2295.82	743.60
平均值	19.41	244.42	80.83	58.75	352.78	235.87	341.50	4.84	7.88	1168.72	438.87
标准差	8.32	123.48	33.77	29.61	183.43	92.58	134.30	4.53	0.17	447.83	150.83
变异系数	0.43	0.51	0.42	0.50	0.52	0.39	0.39	0.94	0.02	0.38	0.34

水化学参数	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^-	pH	TDS	TH
K⁺	1.00	0.72	-0.10	0.80	0.60	0.79	0.75	-0.04	-0.02	0.78	0.58
Na⁺	-	1.00	-0.22	0.74	0.94	0.82	0.41	0.15	0.13	0.94	0.48
Ca²⁺	-	-	1.00	0.08	-0.10	0.19	0.36	-0.14	-0.58	0.07	0.63
Mg²⁺	-	-	-	1.00	0.78	0.75	0.76	-0.07	0.04	0.88	0.81
Cl^-	-	-	-	-	1.00	0.73	0.35	0.21	0.19	0.93	0.57
SO₄^2-	-	-	-	-	-	1.00	0.64	-0.21	-0.17	0.90	0.71
HCO₃^-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.00	-0.13	-0.34	0.63	0.78
NO₃^-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.00	0.02	0.06	-0.11
pH	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.00	-0.02	-0.29
TDS	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.00	0.74
TH	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.00

成份	初始特征值
成份	特征值	方差贡献率/%	方差累计贡献率/%
1	6.13	55.75	55.75
2	2.21	20.12	75.87
3	1.07	9.73	85.59
4	0.67	6.09	91.68
5	0.59	5.36	97.05
6	0.20	1.81	98.86
7	0.09	0.79	99.65
8	0.03	0.27	99.91
9	0.01	0.07	99.98
10	0.00	0.02	100.00
11	0.00	0.00	100.00

水化学参数	因子
水化学参数	1	2	3
K⁺	0.86	0.10	-0.15
Na⁺	0.86	0.43	0.09
Ca²⁺	0.16	-0.88	0.21
Mg²⁺	0.93	0.04	-0.09
Cl^-	0.84	0.40	0.19
SO₄^2-	0.91	-0.06	-0.14
HCO₃^-	0.77	-0.41	-0.08
NO₃^-	-0.03	0.34	0.91
pH	-0.09	0.76	-0.31
TDS	0.98	0.15	0.08
TH	0.83	-0.45	0.07

编号	K⁺/mg·L^-1	Na⁺/mg·L^-1	Ca²⁺/mg·L^-1	Mg²⁺/mg·L^-1	Cl^-/mg·L^-1	SO₄^2-/mg·L^-1	HCO₃^-/mg·L^-1	TDS/mg·L^-1	pH
G5	20.48	227.74	76.26	94.70	360.88	231.25	488.36	1259.41	7.87
G9	23.19	385.31	68.63	66.95	588.47	246.55	256.39	1527.57	7.94
G10	23.29	302.92	123.22	63.29	410.51	349.96	439.52	1495.24	7.59
G13	44.86	517.27	102.35	118.56	623.92	531.38	706.89	2295.82	7.65

Chemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in the middle and lower reaches of Hotan River Basin

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可能矿物相		饱和指数
矿物名称	分子式	G5	G9	G10	G13
硬石膏	CaSO₄	-1.26	-1.27	-0.89	-0.91
文石	CaCO₃	0.86	0.61	0.70	0.81
方解石	CaCO₃	1.00	0.75	0.85	0.96
CO₂	CO₂	-2.27	-2.61	-2.04	-1.90
白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂	2.45	1.85	1.75	2.32
石膏	CaSO₄·2H₂O	-1.04	-1.05	-0.67	-0.69
盐岩	NaCl	-5.74	-5.30	-5.57	-5.18

路径	矿物转移量
路径	岩盐/mmol·L^-1	石膏/mmol·L^-1	高岭土/mmol·L^-1	钙蒙脱石/mmol·L^-1	CO₂/g	方解石/mmol·L^-1	黑云母/mmol·L^-1	白云石/mmol·L^-1
G5→G9	+5.27×10^-3	+1.76×10^-3	+8.70×10^-5	-1.05×10^-4	+1.69×10^-3	-2.12×10^-3	+7.03×10^-5	-1.76×10^-3
G9→G10	-5.03×10^-4	+2.80×10^-4	+2.63×10^-6	-3.17×10^-6	-1.06×10^-3	-4.10×10^-3	+2.16×10^-6	-1.64×10^-3
G10→G13	+6.05×10^-3	+1.86×10^-3	+6.88×10^-4	-8.29×10^-4	-4.03×10^-3	-5.90×10^-3	+5.56×10^-4	-3.14×10^-3

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