喜马拉雅地区叶如藏布流域冰川和冰湖变化遥感监测研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.110

Abstract

Abstract:

There are many glaciers and glacial lakes in Yairu Zangbo Basin, Tibet, China. Meltwater is an important local resource that contributes significantly to the expansion of glacial lakes. Meanwhile, the outburst of glacial lakes is a potential local natural disaster. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze and study the glaciers and glacial lakes in this region. Hence, based on the Landsat scene, this study analyzes the distribution and change characteristics of glaciers and glacial lakes in Yairu Zangbo Basin from 1990 to 2020. The results are as follows: (1) Over the past 30 years, the glaciers have shown a shrinking trend. The area shrank from 167.80 km² in 1990 to 128.92 km² in 2020, with a total area of 38.88 km² and an average annual shrinking rate of 0.77%·a⁻¹. Glaciers are mainly distributed between 5800-6400 m and a slope range of 5°-20°. Debris-covered and debris-free glacier areas have an impact on the number and area distribution of glaciers. (2) Contrary to the trend of glacier change, the glacial lakes exhibit an expansion trend, from 5.72 km² in 1990 to 8.81 km² in 2020, with a total increase of 3.09 km² and an average annual growth rate of 1.80%·a⁻¹. (3) Glacial lakes are mainly distributed between 5000-5600 m and a slope range of 0-10°. Debris-covered and debris-free glaciers have different effects on glacial lakes. (4) From 1990 to 2017, temperature and precipitation in this region fluctuated significantly, showing an upward trend in temperature and a downward trend in precipitation, leading to the melting of glaciers and the expansion of glacial lakes. The findings of this study provide detailed basic data on the distribution and change characteristics of glaciers and glacial lakes and provide support for disaster prevention and mitigation in Yairu Zangbo Basin.

Key words: glacier, glacial lake, remote sensing monitoring, Yairu Zangbo Basin

DING Yuekai, LIU Rui, ZHANG Cuilan, TONG Liyuan, DONG Jun. Remote sensing monitoring of glacier and glacial lake changes in Yairu Zangbo Basin, Himalayas[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1870-1880.

Figures/Tables 15

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获取时间（年-月-日）	传感器	行列号	分辨率/m	云量/%
1990-04-11^*	TM	139/41	30	29.0
1990-06-14	TM	139/41	30	42.0
1990-10-20^*	TM	139/41	30	31.3
1990-12-23^*	TM	139/41	30	17.5
2000-06-17^*	ETM+	139/41	30	41.7
2000-09-13^*	TM	139/41	30	32.8
2000-10-15^*	TM	139/41	30	14.0
2000-12-06	ETM+	139/41	30	0.7
2010-06-13^*	ETM+	139/41	30	58.2
2010-07-15^*	ETM+	139/41	30	75.6
2010-10-03^*	ETM+	139/41	30	39.7
2010-12-06	ETM+	139/41	30	36.8
2020-05-31^*	OLI	139/41	30	78.3
2020-06-16^*	OLI	139/41	30	28.1
2020-10-22	OLI	139/41	30	10.6
2020-11-23^*	OLI	139/41	30	9.3

类别	年份	缓冲区面积/km²	面积/km²	误差率/%
冰川	1990	174.05	167.80	3.72
冰川	2000	160.54	153.89	4.32
冰川	2010	152.01	145.66	4.36
冰川	2020	135.26	128.92	4.92
冰湖	1990	5.92	5.72	3.55
冰湖	2000	6.98	6.68	4.49
冰湖	2010	6.32	6.05	4.46
冰湖	2020	9.13	8.81	3.63

年份	面积/km²	退缩量/km²	面积变化率/%	年均退缩率/%·a^-1
1990	167.80	-	-	-
2000	153.89	13.91	8.29	0.83
2010	145.66	8.24	5.35	0.54
2020	128.92	16.74	11.49	1.14
总计	-	38.88	23.17	0.77

年份	表碛覆盖型			非表碛覆盖型
年份	面积/km²	数目	平均规模/km²	面积/km²	数目	平均规模/km²
1990	45.19	4	11.30	122.61	106	1.16
2020	40.30	4	10.07	88.62	126	0.70

规模/km²	1990年		2020年
规模/km²	数目/条	面积/km²	数目/条	面积/km²
≤0.2	37	4.18	76	5.21
0.2~0.5	32	10.83	24	6.90
0.5~1	12	8.67	6	4.61
1~2	10	15.41	9	13.44
2~5	10	31.23	8	21.43
5~10	6	51.17	4	33.78
10~20	2	23.32	2	21.78
20~50	1	23.19	1	21.77
总计	110	167.80	130	128.92

Remote sensing monitoring of glacier and glacial lake changes in Yairu Zangbo Basin, Himalayas

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海拔/m	年均面积变化率/%·a^-1
海拔/m	1990—2000年	2000—2010年	2010—2020年
4800~5000	4.76	0.00	98.20
5000~5200	-11.87	-7.89	-33.65
5200~5400	-5.12	0.68	-78.11
5400~5600	-35.21	-8.41	-194.57
5600~5800	-18.34	58.98	11.26
5800~6000	-9.39	83.83	21.52
6000~6200	22.66	97.98	15.40
6200~6400	66.67	100.00	-
6400~6600	-	-	-

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年份	受表碛覆盖型冰川影响的冰湖			受非表碛覆盖型冰川影响的冰湖
年份	面积/km²	数目	平均规模/km²	面积/km²	数目	平均规模/km²
1990	2.96	5	0.59	2.76	18	0.15
2020	3.99	5	0.79	4.82	34	0.14