1990—2020年波曲流域冰川冰湖时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.519

Abstract

Abstract:

Utilizing Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI imagery and digital elevation model (DEM) data, this study extracted the boundaries of glaciers and glacial lakes in Poiqu Basin, Xigaze City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China from 1990 to 2020 through the ratio threshold method and visual interpretation. The distribution and variation of glaciers and glacial lakes over three decades were analyzed, alongside the exploration of their co-evolution and response to climate change within the basin. The findings revealed: (1) A notable acceleration in glacier shrinkage within the Poiqu Basin over the last decade, with glaciers primarily situated between 5500 m and 6100 m. While the count of large-scale glaciers (≥10 km²) remained constant, small-scale glaciers (≤0.5 km²) exhibited an upward trend. (2) Both the number and area of glacial lakes witnessed a significant increase, with an expansion rate of 74.24%. Predominantly located between 4900 m and 5300 m, the expansion was more pronounced in larger glacial lakes (≥0.07 km²), whereas smaller lakes (≤0.03 km²) also saw a marked rise in numbers. (3) Glacial lakes connected to their parent glaciers emerged as the most significant type contributing to glacial lake expansion, registering a 72.08% increase. (4) The past 30 years have experienced a gradual temperature rise and a minor decline in precipitation. These climatic shifts, particularly the temperature increase and precipitation decrease, have been crucial in glacier retreat, while meltwater from glaciers has facilitated the expansion of glacial lakes. Through examining the distribution, changes, and interrelation of glaciers and glacial lakes in Poiqu Basin, this study aims to provide valuable data support for understanding glacier area dynamics and aiding in the prediction and mitigation of glacial lake outburst floods.

Key words: Poiqu Basin, glacier retreat, glacier lake expansion, climatic response

WANG Xiaoli, ZHOU Lingxiang, WANG Xiudong, HE Ying. Temporal and spatial changes of glaciers and glacier lakes and its response to climate change in Poiqu Basin during 1990—2020[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 810-819.

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References 27

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传感器	行号/列号	分辨率/m	云量/%
Landsat4-5/TM	141/40	30	1.00
Landsat7/ETM+	141/40	30	9.17
Landsat4-5/TM	141/40	30	13.81
Landsat8/OLI	141/40	30	4.28
Landsat4-5/TM	141/40	30	1.21
Landsat7/ETM+	141/40	30	0.89
Landsat7/ETM+	141/40	30	28.89
Landsat8/OLI	141/40	30	4.28

年份	面积/km²	退缩量/km²	面积变化/%	年均面积变化率/%·a^-1
1990	198.95±14.58	-	-	-
2000	192.13±14.50	-6.82±0.08	-3.43±0.04	-0.34±0.004
2010	181.89±14.27	-10.24±0.23	-5.33±0.11	-0.53±0.011
2020	168.28±13.72	-13.61±0.55	-7.48±0.30	-0.75±0.030

冰川规模/km²	1990年		2000年		2010年		2020年
冰川规模/km²	冰川条数	冰川面积/km²	冰川条数	冰川面积/km²	冰川条数	冰川面积/km²	冰川条数	冰川面积/km²
≤0.1	24	1.65	27	1.75	34	2.06	56	2.67
0.1~0.5	69	18.34	71	18.37	69	16.31	65	15.81
0.5~1	28	19.76	26	18.43	26	17.33	21	14.26
1~2	11	24.71	16	22.65	16	21.89	13	16.09
2~5	17	38.28	11	36.93	11	37.96	12	41.11
5~10	5	33.59	5	32.85	4	26.67	3	20.69
10~20	1	15.34	1	14.88	1	14.06	1	13.22
≥20	2	47.28	2	46.28	2	45.61	2	44.44
总计	157	198.96	159	192.14	163	181.89	173	168.28

年份	面积/km²	变化量/km²	面积变化/%	年均面积变化率/%·a^-1
1990	11.17±2.79	-	-	-
2000	14.12±3.43	2.95±0.64	26.43±5.72	2.64±0.57
2010	16.57±3.79	2.45±0.36	17.38±2.54	1.74±0.25
2020	19.46±4.95	2.89±1.16	17.41±7.00	1.74±0.70

冰湖规模/km²	1990年		2000年		2010年		2020年
冰湖规模/km²	冰湖条数	冰湖面积/km²	冰湖条数	冰湖面积/km²	冰湖条数	冰湖面积/km²	冰湖条数	冰湖面积/km²
≤0.10	13	0.08	20	0.13	23	0.15	21	0.14
0.01~0.02	12	0.15	11	0.17	20	0.28	26	0.35
0.02~0.03	6	0.16	5	0.12	11	0.27	12	0.31
0.03~0.04	2	0.07	7	0.25	7	0.25	8	0.28
0.04~0.05	4	0.19	4	0.17	1	0.04	6	0.27
0.05~0.06	0	0.00	1	0.05	3	0.16	2	0.12
0.06~0.07	3	0.19	0	0.00	1	0.07	2	0.14
0.07~0.40	11	1.75	16	2.69	13	2.08	19	3.41
≥0.40	6	8.58	6	10.54	7	13.27	8	14.44
总计	57	11.17	70	14.12	86	16.57	104	19.46

Temporal and spatial changes of glaciers and glacier lakes and its response to climate change in Poiqu Basin during 1990—2020

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类型	名称	2020年				1990—2020年
类型	名称	冰湖数量	冰湖数量比例/%	冰湖面积/km²	湖-冰距离/m	母冰川进退/m	冰湖面积增量/km²	冰湖面积增率/%
a	未补给型	47	45.19	4.75	-	-	3.54	293.20
b	相连型	4	3.86	10.67	-	-729.25	5.47	105.16
c	初期相连，末期分离	6	5.77	0.75	1417.50	-196.50	0.57	318.59
d	不相连	21	20.19	1.62	680.24	-184.57	-2.27	-58.33
e	不相连（变化小）	6	5.77	0.64	372.67	-156.83	0.19	41.91
f	末端新增冰湖（相连）	1	0.96	0.49	-	-255.00	0.47	1653.13
g	末端新增冰湖（分离）	16	15.38	0.39	289.94	-160.06	0.26	204.05
h	末端新增冰湖（位置变化小）	3	2.88	0.15	249.67	-62.67	0.15	-
总计		104	100.00	19.47	-	-	8.38	-

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