2000—2015年塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区NPP时空动态特征及其影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.01.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区为研究对象，基于植被NPP、气象、土地利用/覆盖、河流等数据，采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、地理探测器等方法，探究了塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区2000—2015年植被NPP时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）在空间尺度上，塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区2000—2015年年均植被NPP为32.25 gC·m^-2·a^-1，变化范围在5.16~303.87 gC·m^-2·a^-1之间；年均NPP呈现出以塔里木河干流为带向周边波动递减的空间分布特征。（2）在时间尺度上，16 a间保护区植被NPP呈现波动增长趋势，年均增加值为0.523 8 gC·m^-2·a^-1，在2001—2002年和2011—2012年出现突变性上升，2007—2008年出现突变性下降。（3）影响植被NPP分异的核心因素为土地利用/覆盖、蒸散发、降水、河流缓冲区等，且由多因子协同作用造成；同时，地下水埋深对植被NPP变化有着重要影响。

关键词: 净初级生产力, 时空分布, 地理探测器, 塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区

Abstract: Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is an important indicator to characterize the production capacity and quality of terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies are mainly based on large and middle scale units and pay more attention to semi-humid and humid areas, therefore we select National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China as the study area. Based on the NPP, climate, land use/land cover, river data and using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, correlation analysis and geographical detector methods, this paper analyzed the temporal-spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the vegetation net primary productiuity; temporal-spatial distribution; geodetector; National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim in the National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim from 2000 to 2015.The results are as follows: First,the average vegetation NPP from 2000 to 2015 was 32.25 gC·m^-2·a^-1 and ranged from 5.16-303.87 gC·m^-2·a^-1.The average NPP was declined as the belt form from the two wings of Tarim River to the place far away from the river. Different vegetation types contribute differently to annual vegetation NPP growth, and NPP tended to increase the most for broadleaf forest, but least for shrublands. Second, the NPP followed an overall trend of fluctuating growth with 0.523 8 gC·m^-2·a^-1 every year. The NPP had a sharp growth trend during the period from 2001 to 2002 and the period from 2011 to 2012 and drastically reduced during the period from 2007 to 2008.Last,there are many factors affecting NPP, mainly including land use/land cover, evapotranspiration, precipitation and river buffer zone, and the NPP changes were mainly caused by the synergistic effect of multiple factors. The groundwater depth had a significant influence on vegetation NPP. This study provides decision support for the ecological environment protection and governance of National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim Basin, and provides a reference frame for maintaining the ecosystem sustainability of the green ecological corridor in Tarim River.

Key words: net primary productiuity, temporal-spatial distribution, geodetector, National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim

赵俊红, 周华荣, 卢雅焱, 孙庆祥. 2000—2015年塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区NPP时空动态特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(1): 190-200.

ZHAO Jun-hong, ZHOU Hua-rong, LU Ya-yan, SUN Qing-xiang. Temporal-spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the vegetation net primary production in the National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim from 2000 to 2015[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(1): 190-200.

参考文献［36］

［1］	TWINE T E,KUCHARIK C J.Climate impacts on net primary productivity trends in natural and managed ecosystems of the central and eastern United States［J］.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(12):2143-2161.
［2］	RUNNING S W,NEMANI R R,HEINSCH F A,et al.A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production［J］.Bioscience,2004,54(6):547-560.
［3］	LIU C,DONG X,LIU Y.Changes of NPP and their relationship to climate factors based on the transformation of different scales in Gansu,China［J］.Catena,2015,125:190-199.
［4］	PIAO S L,FANG J Y,CHEN A P.Seasonal dynamics of terrestrial net primary production in response to climate changes in China［J］.Acta Bot Sin,2003,45(3):269-275.
［5］	郭连发,来全,伊博力,等.2000—2014年呼伦贝尔沙地河流湿地植被NPP时空变化及驱动力分析［J］.水土保持研究,2017,24(6):267-272.［GUO Lianfa,LAI Quan,YI Boli,et al.Spatiotemporal changes of net primary productivity of river wetland and its driving factors in Hulun Buir sandy land in 2000—2014［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(6):267-272.］
［6］	艾则孜提约麦尔·麦麦提,玉素甫江·如素力,姜红,等.2000—2014年博斯腾湖流域NPP时空变化特征及影响因子分析［J］.草业科学,2018,35(7):1743-1753.［MAIMAITI Aizezitiyuemaier,RUSULI Yusufujiang,JIANG Hong,et al.Spatio-temporal variations and impacting factors of vegetation NPP in the Bosten Lake Drainage Basin from 2004 to 2014［J］.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(7):1743-1753.］
［7］	朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算［J］.植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.［ZHU Wenquan,PAN Yaozhong,ZHANG Jinshui.Estimation of net primary productivity of Chinese terrestrial vegetation based on remote sensing［J］.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(3):413-424.］
［8］	董丹,倪健.利用CASA模型模拟西南喀斯特植被净第一性生产力［J］.生态学报,2011,31(7):1855-1866.［DONG Dan,NI Jian.Modeling changes of net primary productivity of Karst vegetation in southwestern China using the CASA model［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(7): 1855-1866.］
［9］	王芳,汪左,张运.2000—2015年安徽省植被净初级生产力时空分布特征及其驱动因素［J］.生态学报,2018,38(8):2754-2767.［WANG Fang,WANG Zuo,ZHANG Yun.Spatio-temporal variations in vegetation net primary productivity and their driving factors in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2015［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(8):2754-2767.］
［10］	彭月月,魏妍冰,李启权,等.气候和土地利用变化对成都市植被NPP时空分布的影响［J］.西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(11):150-159.［PENG Yueyue,WEI Yanbing,LI Qiquan,et al.The effects of changes in climate and land use on the spatio-temporal distribution of vegetation NPP in Chengdu［J］.Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2018,40(11):150-159.］
［11］	邱玥,范德芹,赵学胜,等.中国东北地区植被NPP时空变化及其对物候的响应研究［J］.地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):21-27.［QIU Yue,FAN Deqin,ZHAO Xuesheng,et al.Spatio-temporal changes of NPP and its responses to phenology in northeast China［J］.Geography and Geo-Information Science,2017,33(5):21-27.］
［12］	张亚玲,苏惠敏,张小勇.1998—2012年黄河流域植被覆盖变化时空分析［J］.中国沙漠,2014,34(2):597-602.［ZHANG Yaling,SU Huimin,ZHANG Xiaoyong.The spatial-temporal changes of vegetation restoration in the Yellow River Basin from 1998 to 2012［J］.Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(2):597-602.］
［13］	穆少杰,李建龙,周伟,等.2001—2010年内蒙古植被净初级生产力的时空格局及其与气候的关系［J］.生态学报,2013,33(12):3752-3764.［MU Shaojie,LI Jianlong,ZHOU Wei,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution of net primary productivity and its relationship with climate factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2010［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(12):3752-3764.］
［14］	焦伟,陈亚宁,李稚.西北干旱区植被净初级生产力的遥感估算及时空差异原因［J］.生态学杂志,2017,36(1):181-189.［JIAO Wei,CHEN Yaning,LI Zhi.Remote sensing estimation and the reasons for temporal-spatial differences of vegetation net primary productivity in arid region of northwest China［J］.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(1):181-189.］
［15］	潘竟虎,黄克军,李真.2001—2010年疏勒河流域植被净初级生产力时空变化及其与气候因子的关系［J］.生态学报,2017,37(6):1888-1899.［PAN Jinghu,HUANG Kejun,LI Zhen.Spatio-temporal variation in vegetation net primary productivity and its relationship with climatic factors in the Shule River Basin from 2001 to 2010［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(6):1888-1899］
［16］	刘刚,孙睿,肖志强,等.2001—2014年中国植被净初级生产力时空变化及其与气象因素的关系［J］.生态学报,2017,37(15):4936-4945.［LIU Gang,SUN Rui,XIAO Zhiqiang,et al.Analysis of spatial and temporal variation of net primary productivity and climate controls in China from 2001 to 2014［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(15):4936-4945.］
［17］	陈亚鹏,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游干旱胁迫下的胡杨生理特点分析［J］.西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1943-1948.［CHEN Yapeng,CHEN Yaning,LI Weihong,et al.Analysis on the physiological characteristic of Populus euphratica under drought stress in the lower reaches of Tarim River［J］.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(10):1943-1948.］
［18］	苟晓霞,叶茂,汪亮亮,等.塔里木河干流胡杨径向生长对地表径流变化的响应［J］.植物学报,2018,53(6):801-811.［GOU Xiaoxia,YE Mao,WANG Liangliang,et al.Response of radial growth of Populus euphratica to runoff in the Tarim River［J］.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2018,53(6):801-811.］
［19］	闫俊杰,吕光辉,徐海量,等.2000—2014年塔里木河干流的植被覆盖与蒸散发时空变化及其关系［J］.水土保持通报,2018,38(3):248-255.［YAN Junjie,LYU Guanghui,XU Hailiang,et al.Spatial-temporal variations in vegetation cover and evapotranspiration and their relationship in Tarim River during 2000—2014［J］.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,38(3):248-255.］
［20］	徐梦辰,陈永金,刘加珍,等.塔里木河中游水文影响下的胡杨种群格局动态［J］.生态学报,2016,36(9):2646-2655.［XU Mengchen,CHEN Yongjin,LIU Jiazhen,et al.The distribution pattern dynamics of Populus euphratica are influenced by hydrology in the middle reaches of Tarim River［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(9):2646-2655.］
［21］	任璇,郑江华,穆晨,等.不同气象插值方法在新疆草地NPP估算中的可靠性评价［J］.草业科学,2017,34(3):439-448.［REN Xuan,ZHENG Jianghua,MU Chen,et al.Evaluating reliability of grassland net primary productivity estimates using different meteorological interpolation methods［J］.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(3):439-448.］
［22］	WANG J F,LI X H,CHRISTAKOS G,et al.Geographical detectors-based health risk assessment and its application in the neural tube defects study of the Heshun region,China［J］.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2010,24(1):107-127.
［23］	单玲.芦苇生物量及其土壤碳氮垂直分布规律性的研究——以塔里木胡杨林保护区为例［D］.乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007.［SHAN Ling.The research on regularity of vertical distribution of Phragmites australis biomass,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen-an example of Tarim River Populus reserve［D］.Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2007.］
［24］	孜来汗·达吾提.塔里木河中游胡杨林地上生物量研究［D］.乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2011.［DAWUTI Zilaihan.A study on above-ground biomass of Tughai forests in middle reaches of the Tarim River［D］.Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2011.］
［25］	木巴热克·阿尤普.河岸胡杨林不同生长状况下的土壤、地下水特征研究［D］.乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2007.［AYOUPU Mubareke.Study on the soil,groundwater characteristics of Peuphratica with different growth status［D］.Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2007.］
［26］	王希义,徐海量,潘存德,等.塔里木河下游胡杨生物量及其空间分布特征［J］.西北植物学报,2016,36(11):2314-2321.［WANG Xiyi,XU Hailiang,PAN Cunde,et al.Spatial distribution of Populus euphratica biomass in the lower reaches of Tarim River［J］.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(11):2314-2321.］
［27］	刘卫国,魏文寿,刘志辉.新疆气候变化下植被净初级生产力格局分析［J］.干旱区研究,2009,26(2):206-211.［LIU Weiguo,WEI Wenshou,LIU Zhihui.NPP change in vegetation in Xinjiang under climate change［J］.Arid Zone Research,2009,26(2):206-211.］
［28］	朱士华,艳燕,邵华,等.1980—2014年中亚地区植被净初级生产力对气候和CO2变化的响应［J］.自然资源学报,2017,32(11):1844-1856.［ZHU Shihua,YAN Yan,SHAO Hua,et al.The responses of the net primary productivity of the dryland ecosystems in Central Asia to the CO2 and climate changes during the past 35 years［J］.Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(11):1844-1856.］
［29］	LI J,WANG Z,LAI C,et al.Response of net primary production to land use and land cover change in mainland China since the late 1980s［J］.Science of the Total Environment,2018,639:237-247.
［30］	王耀斌,赵永华,韩磊,等.2000—2015年秦巴山区植被净初级生产力时空变化及其趋动因子［J］.应用生态学报,2018,29(7):2373-2381.［WANG Yaobin,ZHAO Yonghua,HAN Lei,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of vegetation net primary productivity and its driving factors from 2000 to 2015 in Qinling-Daba Mountains,China［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(7): 2373-2381.］
［31］	李宝富,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.基于遥感和SEBAL模型的塔里木河干流区蒸散发估算［J］.地理学报,2011,66(9):1230-1238.［LI Baofu,CHEN Yaning,LI Weihong,et al.Remote sensing and the SEBAL model for estimating evapotranspiration in the Tarim River［J］.Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(9):1230-1238.］
［32］	苟晓霞,叶茂,汪亮亮,等.塔里木河上游河岸胡杨径向生长对温度的敏感性［J］.干旱区研究,2018,35(4):899-904.［GOU Xiaoxia,YE Mao,WANG Liangliang,et al.Sensitivity of radial growth of Populus euphratica to temperature in the upper reaches of the Tarim River［J］.Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):899-904.］
［33］	白元,徐海量,刘新华,等.塔里木河干流荒漠河岸林的空间分布与生态保护［J］.自然资源学报,2013,28(5):776-785.［BAI Yuan,XU Hailiang,LIU Xinhua,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics and ecological protection of the desert riparian forest in the mainstream of the Tarim River［J］.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):776-785.］
［34］	钟家骅,管文轲,易秀,等.荒漠化地区土壤理化性质及其对胡杨林生长的影响［J］.水土保持研究,2018,25(4):134-138.［ZHONG Jiahua,GUAN Wenke,YI Xiu,et al.Soil physical and chemical properties and their effects on Populus euphratica growth in desertification-prone Areas［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(4):134-138.］
［35］	程曼,王让会,薛红喜,等.干旱对我国西北地区生态系统净初级生产力的影响［J］.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):1-7.［CHENG Man,WANG Ranghui,XUE Hongxi,et al.Effects of drought on ecosystem net peimary production in northwestern China［J］.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(6):1-7.］
［36］	宋艺,李小军,江涛.2008—2014年植被覆盖变化对黑河流域净初级生产力的影响研究［J］.水土保持研究,2017,24(4):204-209,218.［SONG Yi,LI Xiaojun,JIANG Tao.Effects of vegetation coverage change on net primary productivity of Heihe River Basin during 2008—2014［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(4):204-209,218.］

[1]	杨雨, 宋福铁, 张杰. 基于地理探测器的中国金融网络空间结构特征及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(9): 1524-1535.
[2]	李建辉, 陈琳, 党争. 黄河流域爱国主义教育基地空间格局及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(9): 1536-1544.
[3]	张昊, 韩增林, 乔国荣, 王辉, 王宏业, 段冶. 黄河流域城市间旅游经济联系格局及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(8): 1344-1354.
[4]	康利刚, 曹生奎, 曹广超, 严莉, 陈链璇, 李文斌, 赵浩然. 青海湖流域地表温度时空变化特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(7): 1084-1097.
[5]	高晓宇, 郝海超, 张雪琪, 陈亚宁. 中国西北干旱区植被水分利用效率变化对气象要素的响应——以新疆为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(7): 1111-1120.
[6]	穆佳薇, 乔保荣, 余国新. 新疆塔里木河流域县域农业低碳生产率时空格局及影响效应研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(6): 968-981.
[7]	李乐乐, 钞锦龙, 赵德一, 李浩杰, 吴林栋, 李佳骏. 1957—2019年山西省暴雨时空分布特征与暴雨灾害风险评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(5): 689-699.
[8]	孔德明, 郝丽莎, 夏四友, 李红波. 粮食单产视角下中国北方农牧交错带粮食安全研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(5): 782-792.
[9]	罗嘉艳, 张靖, 徐梦冉, 莫宇, 同丽嘎. 浑善达克沙地植被变化定量归因及多情景预测[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(4): 614-624.
[10]	朱磊, 李燕楠, 胡静, 田小波, 徐佳慧, 卿琪. 中国研学实践基地空间格局的多尺度特征及影响机理研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(4): 625-635.
[11]	杨玉欢,贺建雄,张新红,芮旸. 中国农文旅耦合协调发展空间分异特征及影响肌理[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(3): 448-459.
[12]	程静,王鹏,陈红翔,韩永贵. 渭河流域生境质量时空演变及其地形梯度效应与影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(3): 481-491.
[13]	鹿晨昱,黄萍,张彤,刘小莞,成薇. 甘肃省绿色发展效率时空演化与驱动因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(2): 305-315.
[14]	杨洋, 乔家君, 王伟, 张二申. 扶贫资源配置对低收入农户收入影响——以青海省18村为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(2): 325-336.
[15]	吴志祥, 张志斌, 赵学伟, 陈龙, 马晓敏, 柴姣. 中国西北地区A级旅游景区时空分布格局及影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(12): 2061-2073.