“人-地-业”视角下新疆城乡融合发展的多维评价与时空演化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.638

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

县域是城乡融合发展的重要切入点，也是实施乡村振兴战略、推动城乡融合发展的主战场。以新疆维吾尔自治区83个县域为研究对象，构建“人-地-业”三维指标体系，采用熵权法测度2001—2021年新疆县域城乡融合发展水平。通过核密度分析、转移矩阵探究城乡融合发展水平演变特征，并借助耦合协调度模型探索不同维度间的协调与制约关系。结果表明：（1） 2001—2021年新疆县域城乡融合各维度发展水平及综合水平均显著提升，整体呈现“北高南低”态势，但演进特征各异。“人融合”水平由“全域低水平”转为“梯度分化”的空间格局；“地融合”水平提升相对缓慢，且南北疆差距较大；“业融合”水平的县域差距缩小，较高值区空间集聚增强；南北疆的综合水平差距，呈现“先扩大、后缩小”的趋势。（2） 2001—2021年新疆县域城乡融合发展可分为3个阶段：“低速发展阶段（2001—2006年）”“过渡阶段（2006—2016年）”“快速发展阶段（2016—2021年）”。（3） 2001—2021年“人-地-业”耦合协调水平持续提升，空间上呈现“北高南低”格局。系统协调结构显著改善，具体表现为：严重失调县域实现清零，中度失调县域数量锐减，以及良好协调县域开始显现。基于此，建议精准识别薄弱地区的发展短板与滞后维度，推动资源要素定向倾斜，促进各维度协调发展；同时，培育区域性增长极，构建“以点带面、梯度推进”的城乡融合发展格局。

关键词: 县域, 新疆, 城乡融合, “人-地-业”, 耦合协调度

Abstract:

Counties are crucial entry points for urban-rural integration development. They form the primary arenas for implementing the rural revitalization strategy and advancing urban-rural integration development. This study takes 83 counties in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the research subjects and constructs a three-dimensional indicator system that encompasses “people-land-industry”. We employ the entropy weight method for the measurement of the level of urban-rural integration development in Xinjiang’s counties from 2001 to 2021. Kernel density analysis and transition matrices are adopted to explore the characteristics of the evolution of this development level. A coupling coordination degree model is used to investigate the coordination and constraints across the different dimensions. The results indicate that: (1) From 2001 to 2021, all of the dimensions and the comprehensive level of urban-rural integration in Xinjiang counties improved significantly, exhibiting a pattern of “higher in the north and lower in the south”, with distinct evolutionary characteristics. The degree of “people integration” shifted from “low across all regions” to a “gradient differentiation” pattern; the “land integration” level improved relatively slowly, showing a significant gap between northern and southern Xinjiang. The disparity in the level of “industrial integration” among counties has narrowed, and spatial clustering in regions that have higher values intensified; the comprehensive level gap between northern and southern Xinjiang exhibits a trend of “first expanding, then narrowing”. (2) The urban-rural integration development in Xinjiang counties from 2001 to 2021 can be divided into three stages: A “slow development phase (2001—2006)”, a “transition stage (2006—2016)”, and a “rapid development stage (2016—2021)”. (3) From 2001 to 2021, the coordination level of “people-land-industry” continued to improve, exhibiting a spatial pattern that is “higher in the north and lower in the south”. The systemic coordination structure has significantly improved, which is reflected in: The elimination of severely imbalanced counties, a sharp decrease in moderately imbalanced counties, and the emergence of well-coordinated counties. From this, it is recommended to precisely identify the development gaps and lagging dimensions in weaker regions, promote targeted resource allocation, and foster all of the dimensions that coordinate development. Simultaneously, regional growth poles should be cultivated and urban-rural integration development should be “driven by a point-to-area approach”.

Key words: county territory, Xinjiang, urban-rural integration, “people-land-industry”, coupling coordination degree

路知秋, 律名扬, 李智慧, 徐丽萍. “人-地-业”视角下新疆城乡融合发展的多维评价与时空演化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(8): 1750-1763.

LU Zhiqiu, LYU Mingyang, LI Zhihui, XU Liping. Multi-dimensional evaluation and temporal evolution of urban-rural integration development in Xinjiang from the perspective of “people-land-industry”[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(8): 1750-1763.

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数据	年份	来源以及分辨率
社会经济数据	2001、2006、2011、2016、2021	《中国县域统计年鉴》《新疆统计年鉴》、新疆维吾尔自治区国民经济和社会发展统计公报
PM_2.5浓度	2001、2006、2011、2016、2021	达尔豪斯大学大气成分分析组（https://ghdx.healthdata.org）；1 km
NDVI	2001、2006、2011、2016、2021	中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）；1 km
矢量行政区划数据	2023	自然资源部地图技术审查中心（https://www.zrzyst.cn）
路网数据	2021	Open Street Map（https://www.openstreetmap.org）
沙漠数据	2000	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（https://data.tpdc.ac.cn）
绿洲数据	2020	干旱区生态与资源科学数据中心（https://data.dcxjegi.cn）

目标层	准则层	指标说明	单位	属性	权重/%	参考文献
人融合	人口密度	人口数量/区域面积	人·km^-2	+	13.23	[7]
	人口城镇化率	城镇人口/总人口×100%	%	+	3.53	[14]
	居民财富状况	人均储蓄存款余额	元·人^-1	+	7.76	[44]
	教育发展水平	义务教育阶段学生数/总人口×100%	%	+	1.87	[39]
	医疗发展水平	医疗、卫生院床位数	张·(10³人)^-1	+	2.14	[13]
	社会保障水平	社会福利收养性单位床位	张·(10³人)^-1	+	6.35	[49]
地融合	地均粮食产量	粮食产量/播种面积	kg·km^-2	+	1.25	[42]
	土地城镇化率	建成区面积/区域面积×100%	%	+	13.27	[13]
	城市空间扩张	建成区面积/耕地面积×100%	%	-	0.28	[43]
	农业面源污染	化肥施用量/播种面积	kg·km^-2	-	0.55	[45]
	空气质量	PM_2.5浓度	μg·m^-3	-	0.69	[41]
	NDVI	区域NDVI均值	无量纲	+	5.13	[43]
业融合	人均GDP	区域生产总值/区域人口	元·人^-1	+	7.70	[41]
	产业结构	（二产产值+三产产值）/一产产值	无量纲	+	9.79	[24]
	农业发展水平	农业机械总动力/播种面积	kW·km^-2	+	9.64	[46]
	工业发展水平	规模以上工业企业数	个	+	7.29	[47]
	金融发展水平	人均年末金融机构贷款余额	元·人^-1	+	9.53	[48]

取值范围	协调等级	取值范围	协调等级
D≤0.2	严重失调	0.5＜D≤0.6	勉强协调
0.2＜D≤0.3	中度失调	0.6＜D≤0.7	初级协调
0.3＜D≤0.4	轻度失调	0.7＜D≤0.8	中级协调
0.4＜D≤0.5	濒临失调	0.8＜D≤0.9	良好协调