新疆地质旅游空间协同区划研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

搜集2024年新疆地质遗迹、A级景区与基础设施POI等县域数据，运用空间分析技术和数理统计模型，基于共生理论分析要素协同发展的空间分布特征与共生协调等级，以“地质+旅游”共生发展为主导、基础设施配套服务为支撑，进行空间协同区划。结果表明：（1）各要素均为显著空间集聚分布，空间集聚程度排序为整体基础设施>A级景区>地质遗迹。（2）地质遗迹、A级景区和整体基础设施空间密度分别呈现“一带单核单极”“双极三核”和“单极单核”的分布特征，标准差椭圆反映各要素空间分布方向大体一致，重心均在和静县境内。（3）地质遗迹对A级景区、整体基础设施存在吸引倾向，全局空间协同水平较低。地质遗迹与A级景区、基础设施局部空间协同水平分别呈现“西高东低、南强北弱”的分布态势。（4）全疆共生协调等级呈现“橄榄球型”等级结构，中高级共生协调占据主导，北疆以中高级共生协调为主，南疆以中级共生协调为主。（5）基于分析结果，提炼出5种新疆地质旅游空间协同区划,并提出相应开发模式与优化路径。

关键词: 新疆, 地质遗迹, A级景区, 基础设施, 空间协同区划, 共生理论

Abstract:

This study collects county-level data on geological relics, A-level scenic spots, and infrastructure POIs in Xinjiang, China, in 2024. Spatial analysis techniques and mathematical statistics models were used based on the theory of symbiosis to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and the symbiotic coordination level of the elements’ coordinated development. With the symbiotic development of “geology+tourism” as the main direction and infrastructure supporting services as the support, spatial coordinated zoning is conducted. The results reveal that (1) Elements are all significantly spatially clustered distributions, and the order of spatial clustering degree is overall infrastructure>A-level scenic spots>geological heritage sites. (2) The spatial density of geological heritage sites, A-level scenic spots, and overall infrastructure presents the distribution characteristics of “one belt and one core, one pole”, “two poles and three cores”, and “one pole and one core”. The standard deviation ellipse analysis reflects that the spatial distribution directions of elements are generally consistent, with ellipse centers all located within Hejing County. (3) Geological heritage sites have an attraction tendency toward A-level scenic spots and overall infrastructure, and the overall spatial synergy level is relatively low. The local spatial synergy levels between geological heritage sites and A-level scenic spots and infrastructure reveal the distribution trends of “high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north”. (4) The symbiotic coordination level across Xinjiang presents a “rugby-ball-shaped” hierarchical structure, with midlevel and high-level symbiotic dominance. In northern Xinjiang, midlevel and high-level symbioses prevail, whereas in southern Xinjiang, midlevel symbioses are predominant. (5) Based on the analysis results, five types of Xinjiang geological tourism spatial coordination divisions were distilled, and the corresponding development models and optimization paths were proposed.

Key words: Xinjiang, geological heritage sites, A-level scenic spots, infrastructure, spatial synergistic zoning, symbiosis theory

白洋, 赵平, 李永峰, 陈明珠, 孙艺玥. 新疆地质旅游空间协同区划研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(5): 1074-1086.

BAI Yang, ZHAO Ping, LI Yongfeng, CHEN Mingzhu, SUN Yiyue. Spatial synergistic zoning of geotourism in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(5): 1074-1086.

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新疆地质旅游空间协同区划"

区划名称	要素特征（资源数量比重排名前3）	地质遗迹与基础设施协同水平（设施类型）	涵盖县域	开发模式	优化路径
一体化互惠共生核心区	地质遗迹（岩土体地貌、地层剖面和水体地貌、重要化石产地）；A级景区（人文景观综合体、实用建筑与核心设施、湖沼）	较高（“住”“行”“养”“娱”）；中（“食”“购”）	巴楚县、巩留县、精河县等18个县域	以景带地，推动个性化开发与可持续发展	依托A级景区带动地质遗迹资源利用与开发
连续互惠共生发展区	地质遗迹（水体地貌、重要化石产地、构造地貌）；A级景区（人文综合景观、植被景观和实用建筑与核心设施、地表形态）	较高（“养”）；中（“食”“住”“行”“购”“娱”）	布尔津县、新源县、温宿县等6个县域	地景兼修，强化品牌建设和特色开发	开发特色地质旅游产品，挖掘区域文化特征
间歇互惠共生协调区	地质遗迹（水体地貌、地层剖面、岩土体地貌）；A级景区（人文综合景观、植被景观、实用建筑与核心设施）	中（“行”“养”）；较低（“食”“住”“娱”“养”）	阿合奇县、阿勒泰市、巴里坤哈萨克自治县等17个县域	景地相融，坚持整合化与市场化运营	以加强A级景区和地质遗迹融合为主线，形成联合开发机制
间歇偏利共生促进区	地质遗迹（水体地貌、岩土体地貌、重要化石产地）；A级景区（人文景观综合体、植被景观、实用建筑与核心设施）	较低（“食”“住”“行”“购”“娱”“养”）	博乐市、阿图什市、博湖县等25个县域	以地促景，提供协同化与均衡化服务	充分发挥5A级景区优势，加强县域合作力度
点寄生共生优化区	地质遗迹（水体地貌、岩土体地貌、地层剖面）；A级景区（人文景观综合体、植被景观、实用建筑与核心设施）	较低（“行”“养”）；低（“食”“住”“购”“娱”）	阿拉山口市、克拉玛依市白碱滩区、策勒县等30个县域	地景择优，加强品质提升与规范引领	择优选取地质旅游资源，提升服务质量，加快建设旅游基础设施

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数据类型	数据分类	数量
地质遗迹	基础地质、地貌景观、地质灾害、重要化石产地、地层剖面、水体地貌、岩土体地貌、泥石流、坍塌	634
A级景区	5A、4A、3A	509
基础设施	“食”：中餐厅、外国餐厅、甜品店、咖啡厅、茶艺馆、糕饼店	78690
	“住”：星级酒店、宾馆酒店、连锁酒店、青年旅舍、旅馆招待所	15532
	“行”：机场、火车站、汽车站、停车场	6812
	“购”：商场、超级市场、便民商店/便利店、专卖店、综合市场、服装鞋帽皮具店	124446
	“娱”：KTV、电影院、酒吧、棋牌室、游乐场、网吧	5216
	“养”：度假养老、山地康养、温泉养生、水体养生、医疗康养、乡村田园康养	639

要素类型		平均观测距离/m	预期平均距离/m	最邻近点指数	Z值	分布类型
地质遗迹		19200.91	35771.13	0.54	-21.03	集聚型
A级景区		14970.82	37620.80	0.40	-25.99	集聚型
基础设施	整体	89.06	1774.06	0.05	-869.31	集聚型
	“食”	97.98	3040.09	0.03	-516.89	集聚型
	“住”	391.78	6826.24	0.05	-224.21	集聚型
	“行”	1422.93	10597.13	0.13	-132.65	集聚型
	“购”	120.30	2418.00	0.05	-638.11	集聚型
	“娱”	1623.01	11752.17	0.14	-119.08	集聚型
	“养”	7831.01	33498.03	0.23	-37.14	集聚型

共生协调度	共生协调等级	分布县域
0.8~1.0	优质共生协调	北疆：阿勒泰市、吐鲁番市高昌区、乌鲁木齐县、新源县、昭苏县等7个县域
0.6~0.8	高级共生协调	北疆：巴里坤哈萨克自治县、乌鲁木齐市达坂城区、福海县等21个县域南疆：阿图什市、巴楚县、博湖县等11个县域
0.4~0.6	中级共生协调	北疆：阿拉山口市、昌吉市、额敏县等15个县域南疆：伽师县、民丰县、墨玉县等17个县域
0.2~0.4	初级共生濒临失调	北疆：霍尔果斯市、克拉玛依市白碱滩区、吉木乃县、青河县、伊吾县南疆：策勒县、轮台县、麦盖提县等13个县域
0.0~0.2	勉强共生失调	北疆：乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区、头屯河区、天山区、新市区和奎屯市、伊宁市南疆：喀什市