新疆高质量发展的水资源潜力挖掘分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2026.308

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水资源短缺是制约新疆经济社会高质量发展和生态安全保障体系建设的关键自然因素。在过去半个多世纪，新疆水利建设得到迅速发展，有效支撑了经济社会的健康稳步发展，但仍面临诸多问题与挑战。如农业用水效率有待进一步提高，节水潜力较大。全疆只有约53.34%的灌溉面积实施了高效节水灌溉，南疆仅为41.73%；蓄水工程建设不足，水库工程对水资源的工程管控能力仅为20.6%；增水潜力不明，非常规水利用和水资源开源空间拓展不够等，空中云水转化为降水的转化率仅为11.3%；洪水、微咸/苦咸地下水的开发利用滞后。针对此提出：强化水资源高效利用基础研究，大幅提升水资源利用效率；大力发展高水效农业，“藏水于技”；推广农田秋冬灌，“藏水于地”；将风光能源纳入农业产业链，“以能补水”；加快重大水利工程和水网建设，提升应对气候变化的水资源安全保障能力；加强非常规水资源开发技术研发，全面拓展水资源空间；加强地表水和地下水联合利用模式的研发，实现经济发展和生态安全双赢。

关键词: 水资源潜力, 微咸/苦咸地下水, 洪水的资源化利用, 空中云水资源, 新疆

Abstract:

Water scarcity is a major natural constraint on high-quality socioeconomic development and ecological security in Xinjiang. Over the past half century, water conservancy development has advanced rapidly and effectively supported stable and sustainable socioeconomic development in the region. However, several critical challenges remain. For example, agricultural water-use efficiency still requires substantial improvement, indicating considerable water-saving potential. Currently, only ~53.34% of the irrigation area in Xinjiang has adopted high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies, while the proportion in southern Xinjiang is only 41.73%. Water storage infrastructure remains insufficient, and reservoir projects control only 20.6% of total water resources. In addition, the potential for water-resource augmentation remains insufficiently explored. The utilization of unconventional water resources and the development of new water resources remain limited. The conversion rate of atmospheric cloud water into precipitation is only 11.3%, and the utilization of floodwater and brackish/saline groundwater is underexplored. To address these challenges, this study proposes several measures. These include strengthening basic research on efficient water-resource utilization and substantially improving water-use efficiency; vigorously developing high-water-efficiency agriculture and implementing “storing water through technology”; promoting autumn and winter irrigation of farmland and “storing water underground”; integrating wind and solar energy into the agricultural industrial chain and implementing “supplementing water with energy”; accelerating the construction of major water conservancy projects and water network systems to enhance water-resource security under climate change; strengthening research and development of technologies for exploiting unconventional water resources to comprehensively expand water-resource availability; and promoting the integrated use of surface water and groundwater to achieve coordinated economic development and ecological security.

Key words: water resources potential, saline groundwater, floodwater resource utilization, atmospheric cloud water resources, Xinjiang

陈亚宁, 朱成刚, 李稚, 方功焕. 新疆高质量发展的水资源潜力挖掘分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(6): 1101-1107.

CHEN Yaning, ZHU Chenggang, LI Zhi, FANG Gonghuan. Unlocking the potential of water resources for high-quality development in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(6): 1101-1107.

图/表 1

参考文献 21

[1]	Noor S A, Jiang X, Wang X, et al. Human-induced biospheric carbon sink: Impact from the Taklamakan Afforestation Project[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2026, 123(4): e2523388123, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2523388123.
[2]	Yang Z L, Bai P. Response of runoff and its components to climate change in the Manas River of the Tian Shan Mountains[J]. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2024, 15(1): 62-74. doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.01.005
[3]	Fang G H, Li Z, Chen Y N, et al. Projecting the impact of climate change on runoff in the Tarim River simulated by the soil and water assessment tool glacier model[J]. Remote Sensing, 2023, 15(16): 3922, doi: 10.3390/rs15163922.
[4]	Wortmann M, Duethmann D, Menz C, et al. Projected climate change and its impacts on glaciers and water resources in the headwaters of the Tarim River, NW China/Kyrgyzstan[J]. Climatic Change, 2022, 171: 30, doi: 10.1007/s10584-022-03343-w.
[5]	Zhu Z D. Aeolian landforms in the Taklimakan Desert[C]// El-Baz F. Deserts and Arid Lands. Dordrecht: Springer, 1984: 133-143.
[6]	尹立河, 张俊, 姜军, 等. 南疆地区水资源问题与对策建议[J]. 中国地质, 2023, 50(1): 1-12.
	[Yin Lihe, Zhang Jun, Jiang Jun, et al. Issues and countermeasures on water resources in the southern Xinjiang[J]. Geology in China, 2023, 50(1): 1-12. ]
[7]	贾志清, 郝广友, 贾玲, 等. 西北干旱荒漠绿洲区水土生态安全提升与保障技术研究前瞻[J/OL]. 中国水土保持科学. [2025-10-11]. https://zgstbckx.xml-journal.net/article/doi/10.16843/j.sswc.2025174.
	[Jia Zhiqing, Hao Guangyou, Jia Ling, et al. Prospects for research on technologies for enhancing and securing water and soil resource ecological safety in the arid desert oasis regions of northwest China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation. [2025-10-11].https://zgstbckx.xml-journal.net/article/doi/10.16843/j.sswc.2025174.]
[8]	Fu S, Sun L, Luo Y. Combining sap flow measurements and modelling to assess water needs in an oasis farmland shelterbelt of Populus simonii Carr in northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016, 177: 172-180. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.07.015
[9]	李云霞, 范成, 关新元, 等. 新疆灌区农业节水发展现状与对策建议[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2024, 43(2): 93-98.
	[Li Yunxia, Fan Cheng, Guan Xinyuan, et al. Status and countermeasures of agricultural water saving development in irrigation areas of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2024, 43(2): 93-98. ]
[10]	陈亚宁, 朱成刚, 李稚, 等. 昆仑山北坡区域高质量发展面临的问题、机遇与挑战[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(5): 733-740. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.097
	[Chen Yaning, Zhu Chenggang, Li Zhi, et al. High-quality development in the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains: Issues, opportunities and challenges[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 733-740. ] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.097
[11]	陈亚宁, 李忠勤, 徐建华, 等. 中国西北干旱区水资源与生态环境变化及保护建议[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2023, 38(3): 385-393.
	[Chen Yaning, Li Zhongqin, Xu Jianhua, et al. Changes and protection suggestions in water resources and ecological environment in arid region of northwest China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023, 38(3): 385-393. ]
[12]	刘建军. 南疆地区水资源保障问题和对策分析[J]. 水资源开发与管理, 2022, 8(8): 8-11.
	[Liu Jianjun. Problems and countermeasures of water resources guarantee in south Xinjiang[J]. Water Resources Development and Management, 2022, 8(8): 8-11. ]
[13]	李江, 柳建新, 刘生云, 等. 新时期新疆水库大坝建设的主要问题与对策建议[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(6): 1409-1416.
	[Li Jiang, Liu Jianxin, Liu Shengyun, et al. Main problems and countermeasures of reservoir dam construction in Xinjiang in the new period[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(6): 1409-1416. ] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.06.01
[14]	邓铭江. 新疆水资源问题研究与思考[J]. 第四纪研究, 2010, 30(1): 107-114.
	[Deng Mingjiang. Research and thinking on water resources problems in Xinjiang[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2010, 30(1): 107-114. ]
[15]	康颢严. 今年新疆将加快建设现代化水网[N]. 新疆日报, 2026-02-08.
	[Kang Haoyan. Xinjiang will accelerate the construction of a modern water network this year[N]. Xinjiang Daily, 2026-02-08. ]
[16]	Chen Y N, Li W H, Deng H J, et al. Changes in Central Asia’s water tower: Past, present and future[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 35458, doi: 10.1038/srep35458.
[17]	陈亚宁, 李卫红, 陈亚鹏, 等. 新疆塔里木河流域水系连通与生态保护对策研究[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(10): 1156-1164.
	[Chen Yaning, Li Weihong, Chen Yapeng, et al. Study on water system connectivity and ecological protection countermeasures of Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(10): 1156-1164. ]
[18]	朱成刚, 陈亚宁, 张明军, 等. 昆仑山北坡水资源科学考察初报[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(7): 1097-1105. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.117
	[Zhu Chenggang, Chen Yaning, Zhang Mingjun, et al. Preliminary report on scientific investigation of water resources on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(7): 1097-1105. ] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.117
[19]	姚俊强. 新疆空中水资源和地表水资源变化特征研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(2): 181-190. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.01
	[Yao Junqiang. Change in atmospheric and surface water resource in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(2): 181-190. ] doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.01
[20]	张强, 王元, 张萍. 论西北地区空中云水资源特征与云降水转化机制[J]. 地球科学进展, 2025, 40(5): 473-486. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.038
	[Zhang Qiang, Wang Yuan, Zhang Ping. Cloud water resources and precipitation conversion in northwest China[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2025, 40(5): 473-486. ] doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2025.038
[21]	吐尔逊江·托乎提阿吉, 阿布都克热·吾加艾拜. 浅谈喀什地区巴楚县微咸水利用[J]. 水电水利, 2024, 8(3): 22-24.
	[Tuohutiaji Tuerxunjiang, Wujiaaibai Abudukere. A brief discussion on the utilization of brackish water in Bachu County, Kashgar Prefecture[J]. Hydropower and Water Resources, 2024, 8(3): 22-24. ]