汾渭平原农作物种植结构时空格局演变特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.412

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 粮食安全是国家发展和社会稳定的基础，探究农作物种植结构的时空演变可为保障区域粮食安全、促进区域农业可持续发展提供理论依据。选取汾渭平原117个县（市/区）为研究对象，以2000—2022年农业统计数据为数据源，运用标准差椭圆模型、空间自相关等方法，探讨2000—2022年汾渭平原县域主要农作物种植结构的时空演变规律。结果表明：（1） 2000—2022年汾渭平原共出现了88种农作物种植结构类型，其中，小麦和玉米及其组合类型是汾渭平原主要的农作物种植结构类型。从时空分布来看，小麦型的县域数目逐渐减少，玉米型县域数目逐年增加，小麦玉米型县域逐渐由汾渭平原西南地区向东北地区扩散；而玉米小麦型在汾渭平原各地均呈零散分布的格局。从类型丰富度来看，2005年农作物种植结构类型最丰富，而2015年丰富度指数最小。（2） 2000—2022年汾渭平原小麦、玉米和蔬菜种植格局均呈现沿东北—西南方向分布的格局，小麦重心基本保持稳定，玉米重心不断向东北方向偏移，蔬菜重心由合阳县向西南方向偏移到澄城县。总之，汾渭平原主要农作物空间分布呈现差异化发展态势，小麦种植面积呈现缩减态势，而玉米和蔬菜则呈现扩张态势，未来宜在研判农作物种植结构时空发展态势的基础上，从保障粮食安全的视角加强对汾渭平原农作物种植结构的宏观调控。

关键词: 农作物种植结构, 时空演变, 空间自相关, 汾渭平原

Abstract:

Food security is fundamental to national development and social stability. The analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of crop planting structures provides a theoretical basis for ensuring regional food security and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. This study examines the crop planting structure across 117 counties (cities/districts) in the Fenwei Plain, Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province, China based on agricultural statistical data for the period of 2000—2022. Employing methods such as the standard deviation ellipse model and spatial autocorrelation analysis, the spatial and temporal dynamics of major crop planting structures over this period are explored. The results indicate the following. (1) Over the study period, 88 distinct crop planting structure types were identified, with wheat, corn, and their combinations (wheat type, corn type, wheat-corn type, and corn-wheat type) being the dominant types. Moreover, spatially and temporally, the number of wheat-type counties gradually declined, while the number of corn-type counties steadily increased. Wheat-corn-type counties expanded from the southwest to the northeast of the Fenwei Plain, while corn and wheat varieties were dispersed throughout the region. Crop planting structure diversity peaked in 2005, whereas the richness index was lowest in 2015. (2) For the period of 2000—2022, the planting patterns of wheat, corn, and vegetables exhibited a distribution trend along the northeast-southwest axis. The center of gravity for wheat remained stable, whereas that of corn shifted progressively northeastward. Meanwhile, the center of gravity for vegetables moved from Heyang County to Chengcheng County in a southwestward direction. Thus, the spatial distribution of major crops in the Fenwei Plain demonstrates a differentiated development trend, with a decline in wheat cultivation and expansion in corn and vegetable cultivation. To ensure food security, future adjustments to the crop planting structure of the Fenwei Plain should be made based on an analysis of these spatiotemporal trends and supported by macroeconomic regulatory measures.

Key words: crop planting structure, temporal and spatial evolution, spatial autocorrelation, Fenwei Plain

苗颖凤, 原野, 周正伟, 赵嘉瑜, 郭宇茜. 汾渭平原农作物种植结构时空格局演变特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(6): 995-1005.

MIAO Yingfeng, YUAN Ye, ZHOU Zhengwei, ZHAO Jiayu, GUO Yuxi. Spatio-temporal pattern evolution characteristics of crop planting structure on Fenwei Plain[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(6): 995-1005.

图/表 9

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

表2

图6

图7

参考文献 35

[1]	张旭辉, 玉素甫江·如素力, 仇忠丽, 等. 基于Sentinel-2时序数据的新疆焉耆盆地农作物遥感识别与评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(4): 672-683. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.262
	[Zhang Xuhui, Rusuli Yusufujiang, Qiu Zhongli, et al. Remote sensing identification and evaluation of crops in Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, China based on Sentinel-2 time series data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(4): 672-683. ]
[2]	Ren D, Yang Y, Hu Y, et al. Evaluating the potentials of cropping adjustment for groundwater conservation and food production in the piedmont region of the North China Plain[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2019, 35(1): 1-12.
[3]	安悦, 谭雪兰, 谭杰扬, 等. 湖南省农作物种植结构演变及影响因素[J]. 经济地理, 2021, 41(2): 156-166. doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.02.017
	[An Yue, Tan Xuelan, Tan Jieyang, et al. Evolution of crop planting structure in traditional agricultural areas and its influence factors: A case study in Hunan Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(2): 156-166. ] doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2021.02.017
[4]	管仁华. 粮食安全视角下的农业产业结构调整与优化策略[J]. 农村科学实验, 2024(17): 89-91.
	[Guan Renhua. Agricultural industry structure adjustment and optimization strategies from the perspective of food security[J]. Rural Science Experiment, 2024(17): 89-91. ]
[5]	朱磊, 王科, 丁一民, 等. 基于Sentinel-2的青铜峡灌区水稻和玉米种植分布早期识别[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(5): 850-860. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.541
	[Zhu Lei, Wang Ke, Ding Yimin, et al. Early identification of rice and corn planting distribution in Qingtongxia irrigation area based on Sentinel-2[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 850-860. ] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.541
[6]	Guo W, Huang Y M, Huang Y D, et al. Develop agricultural planting structure prediction model based on machine learning: The aging of the population has prompted a shift in the planting structure toward food crops[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2024, 221: 108941, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2024.108941.
[7]	Chen X G, Huang Q Z, Xiong Y W, et al. Tracking the spatio-temporal change of the main food crop planting structure in the Yellow River Basin over 2001—2020[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2023, 212: 108102, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2023.108102.
[8]	孙斌, 毕春宁, 薛建春, 等. 基于时序Sentinel-2影像的引黄灌区作物结构提取和供需水分析[J]. 人民黄河, 2024, 46(7): 131-137.
	[Sun Bin, Bi Chunning, Xue Jianchun, et al. Extraction of crop structure and analysis of water supply and demand in irrigation area of Yellow River diversion based on Sentinel-2 image[J]. Yellow River, 2024, 46(7): 131-137. ]
[9]	黄玛兰, 李晓云. 农业劳动力价格上涨对农作物种植结构变化的省际差异性影响[J]. 经济地理, 2019, 39(6): 172-182. doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.06.019
	[Huang Malan, Li Xiaoyun. The impacts of rural labor price rising on crop structure among provinces[J]. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(6): 172-182. ] doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.06.019
[10]	Ding N, Tao F L, Chen Y. Effects of climate change, crop planting structure, and agricultural management on runoff, sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the Hai-River Basin since the 1980s[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 359: 132066, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132066.
[11]	张莉, 吴文斌, 杨鹏, 等. 黑龙江省宾县农作物格局时空变化特征分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(15): 3227-3237. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.15.018
	[Zhang Li, Wu Wenbin, Yang Peng, et al. Temporal and spatial changes in crop patterns of Binxian County in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(15): 3227-3237. ] doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.15.018
[12]	胡韵菲, 刘序, 梁俊芬, 等. 粤港澳大湾区1990—2020年农作物种植结构时空演变[J]. 广东农业科学, 2023, 50(1): 13-27.
	[Hu Yunfei, Liu Xu, Liang Junfen, et al. Spatial and temporal evolution of crop planting structure in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1990 to 2020[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 50(1): 13-27. ]
[13]	任频频, 李保国, 黄峰. 农作物种植结构演变下的黄淮海旱作区小麦玉米生产时空格局[J]. 资源科学, 2022, 44(3): 436-449. doi: 10.18402/resci.2022.03.02
	[Ren Pinpin, Li Baoguo, Huang Feng. Spatiotemporal patterns of wheat and maize production under the evolution of crop planting structures in the Huang-Huai-Hai dry farmland, China[J]. Resource Science, 2022, 44(3): 436-449. ]
[14]	杜国明, 张扬, 李全峰. 21世纪以来三江平原农作物种植结构演化研究[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2019, 40(5): 736-744.
	[Du Guoming, Zhang Yang, Li Quanfeng. The evolution path of crop structure in the Sanjiang Plain in the 21^st century[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2019, 40(5): 736-744. ]
[15]	杜蓉, 柳思维, 蔡荣. 中国粮食空间生产格局演变特征及其驱动机制[J]. 经济问题, 2023(8): 92-102.
	[Du Rong, Liu Siwei, Cai Rong. The characteristics and driving mechanisms of China’s grain spatial production pattern evolution[J]. Economic Issues, 2023(8): 92-102. ]
[16]	张荣天, 张贇. 江苏省农作物种植结构时空格局演变探析[J]. 中国稻米, 2023, 29(2): 48-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.010
	[Zhang Rongtian, Zhang Yun. Analysis of the temporal and spatial pattern evolution of crop planting structure in Jiangsu Province[J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(2): 48-52. ] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.02.010
[17]	王帅. 辽宁省农作物种植面积的变化特征分析[J]. 农业科技与装备, 2024(5): 89-91.
	[Wang Shuai. Analysis on the change characteristics of crop planting area in Liaoning Province[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment, 2024(5): 89-91. ]
[18]	刘珍环, 杨鹏, 吴文斌, 等. 近30年中国农作物种植结构时空变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(5): 840-851. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201605012
	[Liu Zhenhuan, Yang Peng, Wu Wenbin, et al. Spatio-temporal changes in Chinese crop patterns over the past three decades[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(5): 840-851. ] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201605012
[19]	杨宗辉, 李金锴, 韩晨雪, 等. 我国粮食生产重心变迁及其影响因素研究[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2019, 40(1): 36-43.
	[Yang Zonghui, Li Jinkai, Han Chenxue, et al. The evolution path of China’s grain production base and the influencing factors[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2019, 40(1): 36-43. ]
[20]	王利民, 刘佳, 季富华, 等. 中国小麦面积种植结构时空动态变化分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(18): 12-23. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120121
	[Wang Limin, Liu Jia, Ji Fuhua, et al. Analysis of spatial-temporal dynamic change of wheat planting structure of China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 35(18): 12-23. ] doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120121
[21]	邹军, 朱颖璇, 杨雨豪, 等. 1981—2015年华北地区种植结构演变及其驱动机制分析[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2019, 24(12): 23-32.
	[Zou Jun, Zhu Yingxuan, Yang Yuhao, et al. Analysis of planting structure evolution and its driving mechanism in north China from 1981 to 2015[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2019, 24(12): 23-32. ]
[22]	屠爽爽, 简代飞, 龙花楼, 等. 广西主要农作物生产格局演变特征与机制研究[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(9): 2322-2337. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202209013
	[Tu Shuangshuang, Jian Daifei, Long Hualou, et al. Evolution characteristics and mechanisms of major crops production patterns in Guangxi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(9): 2322-2337. ] doi: 10.11821/dlxb202209013
[23]	闫梦川, 魏东岚, 吴云霞. 东北三省主要粮食作物种植结构时空演变分析[J]. 北方农业学报, 2020, 48(6): 114-118. doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.06.19
	[Yan Mengchuan, Wei Donglan, Wu Yunxia. Analysis on the spatio-temporal evolution of the main food crops planting structure in the three northeastern provinces[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2020, 48(6): 114-118. ] doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.06.19
[24]	党文硕, 张玉翠, 成功, 等. 冀北高原农业种植结构的演变[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024, 32(9): 1441-1450.
	[Dang Wenshuo, Zhang Yucui, Cheng Gong, et al. Evolution of agricultural planting structure in the northern Hebei Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecological Agriculture, 2024, 32(9): 1441-1450. ]
[25]	黄丽排, 张建兵, 陆双龙, 等. 广西农作物种植结构时空格局及其驱动因子分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2021, 34(8): 1682-1689.
	[Huang Lipai, Zhang Jianbing, Lu Shuanglong, et al. Spatio-temporal pattern and driving factors of crop planting structure in Guangxi[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 34(8): 1682-1689. ]
[26]	吴芳, 潘志芬, 李涛, 等. 西藏县域农作物种植结构时空变化及专业化分区[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2022, 28(4): 935-944.
	[Wu Fang, Pan Zhifen, Li Tao, et al. Spatial evolution and specialization division of crop planting structure in counties of Tibet, China[J]. China Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2022, 28(4): 935-944. ]
[27]	刘冬, 余侃华, 师小燕, 等. 陕西省种植业结构变化及时空演变分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2021, 42(9): 251-261.
	[Liu Dong, Yu Kanhua, Shi Xiaoyan, et al. Analysis of structural changes and spatial-temporal evolution of planting industry in Shaanxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2021, 42(9): 251-261. ]
[28]	王泓淯, 房艳刚, 刘建志. 2005—2015年黑龙江省农作物种植结构时空演变[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2020, 39(1): 168-174.
	[Wang Hongyu, Fang Yangang, Liu Jianzhi. Spatio-temporal changes of crop structure in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2015[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2020, 39(1): 168-174. ]
[29]	赵秦怡, 王昱之. 基于GIS的滩区型农村居民点格局演变——以黄河中游汾渭平原为例[J]. 科技和产业, 2024, 24(21): 247-253.
	[Zhao Qinyi, Wang Yuzhi. Evolution of rural settlement of Russia patterns based on GIS: A case study of the Fenwei Plain in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2024, 24(21): 247-253. ]
[30]	黄小刚, 邵天杰, 赵景波, 等. 汾渭平原PM_2.5浓度的影响因素及空间溢出效应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(8): 3539-3548.
	[Huang Xiaogang, Shao Tianjie, Zhao Jingbo, et al. Influence factors and spillover effect of PM_2.5concentration on Fen-wei Plain[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019, 39(8): 3539-3548. ]
[31]	蒋凌霄, 安悦, 谭雪兰, 等. 近30年来长株潭地区农作物种植结构演变及优化对策[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(1): 173-180. doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.01.019
	[Jiang Lingxiao, An Yue, Tan Xuelan, et al. Temporal and spatial evolution and optimized countermeasure of crop planting structure in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area in recent 30 years[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(1): 173-180. ] doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.01.019
[32]	罗前程, 王月甜, 迟文峰, 等. 内蒙古黑土区农作物种植结构演化影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2023, 45(5): 994-1005. doi: 10.18402/resci.2023.05.09
	[Luo Qiancheng, Wang Yuetian, Chi Wenfeng, et al. Influencing factors of crop planting structure change in the black soil region of Inner Mongolia[J]. Resource Science, 2023, 45(5): 994-1005. ]
[33]	颉佳, 王世金, 窦文康, 等. 1989—2019年中国滑雪场时空特征及其演变规律[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(6): 1064-1072. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.012
	[Xie Jia, Wang Shijin, Dou Wenkang, et al. The spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution law of Chinese ski resorts from 1989 to 2019[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2022, 42(6): 1064-1072. ] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.06.012
[34]	Tobler W. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region[J]. Economic Geography, 1970, 46: 234-240.
[35]	Kumari M, Sarma K, Sharma R. Using Moran’s I and GIS to study the spatial pattern of land surface temperature in relation to land use/cover around a thermal power plant in Singrauli district, Madhya Pradesh, India[J]. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 2019, 15: 100239, doi: 10.1016/j.rsase.2019.100239.

排序	2000年			2005年			2010年
排序	类型	县数/个	比例/%	类型	县数/个	比例/%	类型	县数/个	比例/%
1	小麦~玉米型	33	28.21	小麦~玉米型	27	23.08	小麦玉米型	33	28.21
2	小麦玉米型	19	16.24	小麦玉米型	23	19.66	小麦~玉米型	21	17.95
3	小麦~玉米其他型	10	8.55	小麦~玉米其他型	10	8.55	玉米型	15	12.82
4	小麦型	9	7.69	玉米型	6	5.13	小麦~玉米其他型	8	6.84
5	玉米~小麦型	5	4.27	玉米小麦型	5	4.27	小麦玉米~蔬菜型	5	4.27
排序	2015年			2022年
排序	类型	县数/个	比例/%	类型	县数/个	比例/%
1	小麦玉米型	34	29.06	小麦玉米型	29	24.79
2	小麦~玉米型	18	15.38	玉米型	15	12.82
3	玉米型	17	14.53	小麦~玉米型	15	12.82
4	小麦玉米~蔬菜型	7	5.98	小麦玉米~蔬菜型	9	7.69
5	玉米小麦型	7	5.98	玉米~小麦型	5	4.27

作物	要素	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2022年
小麦	种植面积	0.42	0.42	0.44	0.44	0.40
	总产量	0.43	0.41	0.39	0.39	0.37
玉米	种植面积	0.27	0.27	0.25	0.21	0.24
	总产量	0.35	0.35	0.32	0.36	0.29
蔬菜	种植面积	0.21	0.22	0.26	0.30	0.36
	总产量	0.28	0.26	0.20	0.26	0.36